日本語学習者におけるノダ形式および終助詞の習得と維持 - クラッシェンのインプット仮説の観点から -

Abstract

This research analyzes the acquisition of noda and other final particles in Japanese observed in formal speech of four Korean learners. In this paper, we will particularly focus on one of these learners (HT), analyzing speech collected during the language acquisition stage (2001-2002) and during the maintenance stage (2012-2014), 10 years after his return to Korea. The analysis is based on Krashen’s Input Hypothesis. Based on the data, we can say that final particles were acquired in the following order: bold sentences → sentences ending with final particles → sentences ending with noda → sentences ending with noda and final particle. It was observed that noda was added specially to the past tense of the verbs. This result was mentioned in Lee (2010). Since in the past tense the use of polite style (masu) added to the verb is more complex than the use of verb+ndesu, it is supposed that the learner avoided the first form and often used ndesu added to the plain form of the verb. This was seen as a simplification. According to Krashen’s Input Hypothesis, the [i+1] pattern is observed during the learning stage. In HT data, the occurrence of bold sentences (sentences with no final particle) and noda sentences were seen as [i], while final particle sentences and noda+final particle　sentences were seen as [+1]. During the maintenance stage, we observed the [i-1] pattern since the use of final particles sentences and noda+final particle　sentences decreased considerably. In conclusion, we can state that HT’s data shows overuse of noda+final particle　sentences during the learning stage. In the maintenance stage, however, this phenomenon is reduced.