日本語教育からみる省略に関する一考察 － 認知的観点を中心として －

Abstract

In Japanese, a natural conversation is established by ellipsis of the sentence components. Ellipsis has an important role in establishing a natural conversation, but it is not considered as a learning item in Japanese language education. This study cites the necessity of ellipsis of Japanese sentence constituents in learning natural Japanese, and analyzes the ellipsis found in conversational sentences from a cognitive perspective. First, according to the result of analysis from the conversation sentence found in the novel, ellipsis is omitted in the element recognized as information shared between the speaker and the listener, and in the element that the listener considers to pay attention to the same situation as the speaker. This discussion points to the original, on the basis of the conversation sentence placed on the beginner teaching of Japanese, was to analyze the cognitive processes of the speaker when the ellipsis occurs. According to the result, similar to the result of the analysis in the novel, the ellipsis involved the speaker's judgment that shared information with the listener and also joint attention occurred. In this way, when the speaker speaks, he is aware of the situation and at the same time is aware of the cognitive state of the listener. Also, the speaker recognition that would result from this would be verbalization using ellipsis. Ellipsis occurs in the speaker’s cognitive effects, which is “a device that acts on joint attention by omitting information shared with listeners”. In Japanese language education, it is necessary to present the importance of ellipsis in making full use of natural Japanese and to show the necessity of being aware of the cognitive effects of the speaker and listener.