認識的モダリティの中核形式に関する日韓対照研究－証拠的モダリティ(evidential modality)の観点を加えて－

Abstract

This paper aims to compare and contrast the systems of epistemic modality in Japanese and Korean, focusing on core forms, and to compare with Palmer(2001)’s system of propositional modality. Analysis results are as follows. (1) Unmarked forms in Japanese and Korean express the direct judgment of knowledge and the direct judgment of perception, which is indicated with ru/ta in Japanese, whereas with –ci/-ney/-kwun/-e in Korean. (2) Marked forms in Japanese and Korean express the indirect judgment of inference and the indirect judgment of hearsay, which is indicated with darou/youda/rasii/(suru)souda in Japanese, whereas with –keyssci/-keyssney /-keysskwun/-keysse in Korean. (3) From the perspective of semantic factor, we can establish the axis of ‘the way of judgment’ such as ‘direct judgment’ or ‘indirect judgment’ and the axis of ‘the source of information’ such as ‘knowledge’, or ‘perception’, or ‘inference’ or ‘hearsay’. (4) With the system of epistemic modality in Japanese, the division of forms related to ‘the way of judgment’ is salient, whereas the division of forms related to ‘the source of information’ is not salient. On the other hand, with the system of epistemic modality in Korean, the divisions of forms related to ‘the source of information’ as well as ‘the way of judgment’ are salient. (5) The morphological category related to ‘the way of judgment’ corresponds to the epistemic modality of Palmer(2001), and the morphological category related to ‘the source of information’ corresponds to the evidential modality of Palmer(2001).