이황, 기대승, 송순의 사단칠정론

Abstract

Yi Hwang, Ki Dae-sung And Song Soon are 16C Neo-Cofucianist in Korea. He debate with Yi Hwang on the origins of moral emotions (Four Seven debate, 四七論爭). Yi hwang insists that only the moral emotional beginnings(Sadan, 四端) is directly derived from human nature(Sung,性), the substantiality of moral principle(Li,理). And the other emotions(Chiljung,七情) are derived from the emotional circumstances(Ki,Chi,氣) of the agent. Ki Dae sung, In his early doctrine, he did not approve that whole emotion which contains moral emotional beginnings is derive from the emotional circumstances of the agent. He insists that whole emotion is derived from the human nature, the substantiality of moral principle, so every emotion(Chiljung, 七情) is innocent at beginning point. He emphasizes the innocent originality of human emotions. His the later doctrine is that whole emotion is derived as desire, from the Emotional circumstances of the agent and only the moral emotional beginnings is the realization of the human nature, the substantiality of moral principle. The Emotional circumstances of the agent is regarded as the actuality of human nature and conditions. Every man should control his emotions to observe the moral rule and only the moral emotional beginnings can be believed to pursuit. Song Soon's criterion is the effect and ending of emotions. In his theory, moral emotion is morally unstable when it loose moderation, and its moral value is regarded same as the non moral emotion. Every motion is good as long as it retains moderation.