통화 만발발자 제천유적 추보(追補) 연구: 『통화만발발자유지고고발굴보고』를 중심으로

Abstract

This paper is a supplementary study that sheds light on the changes of ‘Wanfabozi萬發撥子 relic’ according to the periods by adding Tonghua Wanfabozi Site Archaeological Excavation Report to my previous study on Wanfabozi relic. During the early 1st period of Wanfabozi(4000B.C.∼3500B.C., early Baedalkook倍達國), the huge scale stone mound altar⋅tomb, i.e., ‘the three-layered circular altar with attached square altar(3層圓壇⋅方臺)’ that captured the symbolism of Samwon三元(Cheon天⋅Ji地⋅In人, Won圓⋅Bang方⋅Gak角), a key element of Sundo仙道 ideas, was built. Its owner was King Ung-nyeo熊女君, a competent good leader who transformed ‘Totem Ung熊 people’ society into ‘Heavenly Maek貊 people(Hwanung桓雄 people + Ung people)’ society by accepting the advanced Sundo culture brought by Hwanung people in early Baedalkook. During the 1st period of Wanfabozi(4000B.C.∼3000 B.C., early and middle Baedalkook), in contrast to the huge scale of ‘the three-layered circular altar with attached square altar’, the traces of concise and plain ritual procedure showed the starting point of the Sundo Heaven Ritual culture, which is faithful to the basics and the essence of the Sundo without any unnecessity. In the 2nd period of Wanfabozi(the 13th century B.C.∼the 8th century B.C., late Dangun Josun檀君朝鮮), there were only two main and secondary temples for Heaven Ritual on a part of ‘the three-layered circular altar with attached square altar’. The framework of the Sundo Heaven Ritual culture,which was established in the 1st period, was maintained. In the 3rd period of Wanfabozi(the 8rd century B.C.∼the 3rd century B.C., late Dangun Josun), the Sundo Heaven Ritual culture was formalized and complicated, and even the hierarchical tendency that had never existed before was formed. In the midst of the division and disintegration of theMaek貊 society in late Dangun Josun, the Sundo Heaven Ritual culture was also being secularized. In the 4th period of Wanfabozi(the 3rd century B.C.∼the 3rd century, early Goguryeo高句麗), the Sundo Heaven Ritual culture, which had been flowing in the direction of secularization, had been arranged in order again and had taken a new phase of stability. These changes were coincided withthe mood of the times that the founding of Goguryeo brought a new stability to the Maek society. During the 5th period of Wanfabozi(the 3rd century∼the 5th century, middle Goguryeo), the noticeable point of change in Wanfabozi were just the miniaturization of the Heaven Ritual facilities and the reduction of ritual space. These points show that the status of the Sundo Heaven Ritual culture in the Maek society was gradually weakening from this time on.