‘國樂’ 명칭을 통해 살펴 본 조선시대 음악사상

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to arrange how gukak (Korean classical music) was called before the name was established in the period of the Three States to Goryeo and also during the period of the Residency-General briefly and examine the idea of music in Chosun with the name of gukak. Hyangak which laid the ground for the name of gukak was first used during Shilla. Hyangak used in Shilla refers to the music that was created or generally known in Shilla. Hyangak used during the Unified Shilla implied the folk music that was transmitted in several regions of it and also the music that had become hyangak among the kinds of music that had flowed in before the period of the Three States. Hyangak passed down to Goryeo was even more actively transmitted to Goryeo than dangak. In Goryeo, they started used the term of aak other than hyangak (sokak) or dangak that had been used previously, and they continued to be used up to late Chosun. These terms are deeply associated with the origin of music, and each implied different things. From the period of Chosun, these were used as the terms meaning a part of gukak, and they changed to the term of gukak then. But during Chosun, the term of gukak was not very often used. In the period of the Residency-General, the term of gukak reappeared from 1906 until 1910 when the Residency-General performed the reform of government organization, and it was used outside Korea, too, so it came to be positioned as a term referring to Korean traditional music. During Chosun, such terms as hyangak, dangak, and aak were often used, and the term of ‘gukak’ was not very often found; however, it was used every now and tern from the 16th until 18th century. From 『Jungjongsilrok』, 『Seonjosujeongsilrok』, 『Hwangdanjeungsuui』, 『Cheongeumjip』, and 『Nongpomundap』, we can find the term of gukak, so we can see that it was a term used in silrok, uigue, and collections of works all. In other words, gukak was not a term generally used during Chosun, but we can see that it meant music played at Court in Chosun as it appears in various literatures such as silrok, uigue, and collections of works. Based on the historical materials, we can see that it was used as a term referring to ‘national music’ in Chosun and laid the ground for the thought of Huayi or Silhak then. This is how it has come to be used as a term with the meaning it has now.