「樂學軌範」 악기분류의 음악사학적 고찰

Abstract

According to ‘Akji(樂志), History of Goryeo(高麗史)’, musical instruments are divided into two groups on the basis of lineage of music. One is for ‘Korean traditional music(鄕樂)’ and the other one is for ‘Chineser traditional music(唐樂)’. In Akhakgwebeom(樂學軌範), another way of classifying the musical instruments which relied on the origin of music existed; ‘Chinese musical instruments(唐樂器)’ are considered to come from China, and ‘Korean musical instruments(鄕樂器)’ are considered to have been played long ago in Korea. In Goryeo age, a lot of ‘Chinese music’s from ‘Song’ prevailed over all Goryeo society. In this time, since Chinese music was performed as Chinese style, two different instruments, that is Korean musical instruments and Chinese musical instruments, were sharply distinguished. For example, in case of wind and string instruments, excluding percussion instruments such as a janggo(杖鼓) and a clapper(拍), Chinese musical instruments were performed exclusively for Chinese traditional music, whereas Korean musical instruments for Korean traditional music. However, in Joseon(朝鮮) age, hundreds of years after Chinese music was introduced, people started to perform Chinese music in accordance with their emotion. As a result, mixed organization of Korean and Chinese musical instruments was popular; Chinese traditional music was also performed by Korean instruments and at the same time Chinese instruments were combined when playing Korean traditional music as well, which contributed to enrich the quality of a tone. Since Korean and Chinese musical instruments were generally mixed to play both Korean and Chinese music in Joseon age when Akhakgwebeom was published, categorization of musical instruments became to depend on the origin of instruments, not on the lineage system of music.