만 4, 5세 유아의 균등한 나눔 행동과 수 능력 간의 관계
Relationship between Equal Sharing and Numerical Competence in Four- to Five-Year-Old Children
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연구목적: 본 연구는 제한된 자원을 자신과 상대방에게 분배하는 상황에서 만 4, 5세 유아의 수 능력이 유아의 균등한 나눔 행동을 예측하는지 규명하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 연구대상은 부산과 경남지역에 거주하는 만 4세와 만 5세 유아 총 84명(남아 42명, 여아 42명)이었으며, 이들에게 자원분배과제와 수 능력 검사를 실시하여 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 빈도분석, 카이제곱 검정, 이항로지스틱 회귀분석을 사용해 분석하였다. 연구결과: 첫째, 대다수의 만 4, 5세 유아가 균등한 나눔 행동을 하였다. 둘째, 수 능력이 높은 유아가 균등한 나눔 행동을 할 확률이 더 높았다. 특히, 수 능력 검사의 하위 요인 중 균등성 이해가 유아의 균등한 나눔을 예측하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 유아들은 균등한 나눔의 이유를 설명할 때 균등 추구, 자신과 상대방의 정서, 욕구, 관계 등을 언급하였다. 결론: 이러한 연구결과는 만 4, 5세 유아의 수 능력이 균등한 나눔 행동을 예측하며, 균등한 나눔 행동은 유아의 수 능력과 사회정서적 동기가 종합적으로 작용하여 나타나는 행동임을 시사한다.
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to examine whether 4-to 5-year-old children’s numerical competence would predict their equal sharing, in a context where they could freely distribute resources between themselves and the other party. Methods: A total of 84 children (42 boys, 42 girls) aged 4 to 5 years, living in Busan and South Gyeongsang Province, completed a resource allocation task and a numerical competence test. Data were analyzed using frequency analysis, chi-square test, independent sample t-test, and binary logistic regression analysis. Results: First, the majority of children shared resources equally. Second, children with higher numerical competence were more likely to engage in equal sharing than those with lower numerical competence. In particular, children’s understanding of numeric equivalence predicted their equal sharing. Lastly, children’s justification of their equal sharing revealed various socio-emotional considerations such as emotion, desires, and social relationship between themselves and the other party. Conclusions: The results suggest that numerical competence may contribute to young children’s equal sharing behavior, and that both numerical competence and socio-emotional motivation are involved in 4-to 5-year-old children’s equal sharing behavior.
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