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골로새서 2:14-23에서 언급된 규례들(δογματα)에 대한 새로운 접근

A Closer Look at the Religious Ordinances (δογματα) in Colossians 2:14-23

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초록

본 논문은 골로새 교회 교인들은 왜 골로새서 2:14, 2:16-23에서 묘사되는 종교적 규례들에 순종했는지 그리고 바울이 종교적 규례들에 순종하는 것을 왜 부정적으로 언급하고 있는지를 탐색한다. 기존의 해석자들은 골로새서 2장에서 묘사되는 종교적 규례 혹은 율법이 구원을 위하여 수단혹은 이스라엘의 정체성 표지로서 기능을 한다고 주장한다. 본 연구는 이와 다른 가능성을 고려해본다. 본 논문은 골로새 교회 배후에 있던 잘못된 가르침에 유대적인 측면(혹은 유대 신비주의적 측면)이 있음을 분명히 하며, 유대교에서 율법 준수의 이유가 구원론적 혹은 사회학적 이유만 존재한 것이 아니라 율법 준수를 통한 완성에 대한 논의가 유대문헌에 존재함을 밝힌다. 본 논문은 골로새 교회 배후의 율법 준수에 대한 요구는 제2성전 유대교에서의 도덕적 진보(moral progress)의 개념과 관련 있을 수 있다고 주장한다. 바울은 이러한 유대적 견해에 반대하여 율법(특히 제의법) 준수를 통한 완성에 대한 개념을 반박하고, 진정한 성장과 완성은 그리스도 안에서만 존재한다는 것을 골로새서에서 밝힌다. 바울이 골로새서 2장에서 할례와 음식법, 정결법, 제의법 등을 비판하는 이유는 단순히 율법준수를 통한 구원 추구를 경고하는 것일 뿐 아니라, 철저한 율법 준수를 통하여 완성됨을 추구하였던 유대적 가르침(혹은 유대신비주의)의 반향이 골로새 교회 내부에 존재했고, 제의법과 정결법, 음식법 준수로는 완성에 이를 수 없다는 점을 바울은 골로새서에서 분명히 보여준다. 오히려 참된 완성은 그리스도와 연합하는 것에 있으며, 그리스도와의 연합은 지식에까지 새롭게 되게 하며(3:10), 그리스도 안에서 타인을 사랑하고 용납하고 용서할 때, 진정한 완성에 이른다(3:14). 그러므로 바울이 율법 준수를 골로새서에서 부정적으로 평가하는 이유는 골로새 일부 교인들이 정결법, 제의법 준수를 통하여 완성을 추구했지만, 바울은 그러한 율법 준수를 통하여 성장과 완성은 불가능하다고 생각했기 때문이다.

Abstract

This article discusses why Paul gives a negative evaluation concerning the adherence to the Law (or the religious ordinances) in Colossians. Scholars predominantly maintain that the Law in Colossians serves as the means for the salvation or as the identity marker of God’s people. Yet, in this article, we will consider another possibility. For this purpose, this study will explore that there were some Jewish (or Jewish-mystic) aspects in the background of the Colossian church, and that discourses on perfection through the adherence to the Law existed in ancient Judaism. So, this article will argue that the pressure about the observance of the Law against the backdrop of the Colossian church can be related to the concept of the moral progress in relation to the Law in some ancient Jewish theology. Accordingly, Paul disagrees with this Jewish concept of moral progress and perfection through the adherence to the Law (especially, the cultic Law), and in Colossians, he writes that true maturity is enabled through Christ and in Christ.

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