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Revisiting the Ending of Mark

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The ending of the Gospel of Mark is one of the controversial issues requiring complex arguments and logic in the New Testament. Recently, a great number of scholars and commentators have provided some evidence for the long ending of Mark’s Gospel. They view that the sudden pause in Mark 16:8 cannot be Mark’s original intention. Readers are also embarrassed when Jesus’ prophecies of the resurrection (Mark 8:31, 9:9, 31; 10:34) are not fulfilled in light of other Gospel’s endings and typical Markan style and vocabulary. Several discussions have been proposed, responding to the question that the short and abrupt ending by stating ἐφοβοῦντο γάρ (16:8) could be a finale of the Gospel of Mark. This study primarily weighs up the potential between the long ending (LE) and the short ending (SE) and then provides some substantial evidence for the SE. Although there have been many publications on this issue, this study revisits to deal with this issue through the lens of textual-critical and narrative critical approaches to enable the readers to gain a multiple angles. These approaches have functioned as to establish the external evidence and the internal evidence respectively. Thus, this attempt provides an opportunity to gain a more comprehensive and reasonable understanding in making a valid decision on the issue of the ending of Mark’s Gospel.

Abstract

The ending of the Gospel of Mark is one of the controversial issues requiring complex arguments and logic in the New Testament. Recently, a great number of scholars and commentators have provided some evidence for the long ending of Mark’s Gospel. They view that the sudden pause in Mark 16:8 cannot be Mark’s original intention. Readers are also embarrassed when Jesus’ prophecies of the resurrection (Mark 8:31, 9:9, 31; 10:34) are not fulfilled in light of other Gospel’s endings and typical Markan style and vocabulary. Several discussions have been proposed, responding to the question that the short and abrupt ending by stating ἐφοβοῦντο γάρ (16:8) could be a finale of the Gospel of Mark. This study primarily weighs up the potential between the long ending (LE) and the short ending (SE) and then provides some substantial evidence for the SE. Although there have been many publications on this issue, this study revisits to deal with this issue through the lens of textual-critical and narrative critical approaches to enable the readers to gain a multiple angles. These approaches have functioned as to establish the external evidence and the internal evidence respectively. Thus, this attempt provides an opportunity to gain a more comprehensive and reasonable understanding in making a valid decision on the issue of the ending of Mark’s Gospel.

참고문헌 (27)

  1. Birk, Newman P., "Understanding and Using English" (1958), Odyssey
  2. Bock, Darrell L., "Perspective on the Ending of Mark", pp.124~141 (2008), B&H
  3. Boomershine, Thomas E., "The Narrative Technique of Mark 16:8", Journal of Biblical Literature, 100, pp.213~223 (1981)
  4. Christopher, Thomas, J., "A Reconsideration of the Ending of Mark", Journal of Evangelical Theological Society, 26, pp.407~421 (1983)
  5. Elliott, J. K, "Perspective on the Ending of Mark", pp.80~102 (2008), B&H
  6. Evans, Craig A, "Mark 8:27–16:20, Word Biblical Commentary" (2001), Word, Incorporated
  7. Farmer, William R, "The Last Twelve Verses of Mark", pp.2005
  8. France, R. T, "The Gospel of Mark, The New International Greek Testament Commentary" (2002), Eerdmans
  9. Holmes, Michael W, "To Be Continued. . . . The Many Endings of the Gospel of Mark", Bible Review, 17, pp.12~23 (2001)
  10. Irenaeus of Lyons, "the Apostolic Fathers with Justin Martyr and Irenaeus" (1885), Christian Literature Company
  11. Iverson, Kelly R, "A Further Word on Final Gάρ (Mark 16:8)", Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 68, pp.79~94 (2006)
  12. Kelhoffer, James A., "The Witness of Eusebius’ ad Marinum and Other Christian Writings to Text-Critical Debates concerning the Original Conclusion to Mark’s Gospel", ZNW, 92, pp.78~112 (2001)
  13. Knox, Wilfred L., "The Ending of St. Mark’s Gospel", Harvard Theological Review, 35, pp.15~23 (1942)
  14. Lee, Magness J., "Sense and Absence: Structure and Suspension in the Ending of Mark’s Gospel" (1986), Scholars Press
  15. Lee, Magness J, "Marking the End: Sense and Absence in the Gospel of Mark" (2002), Wipf & Stock
  16. Lunn, Nicholas P, "The Original Ending of Mark: A New Case for the Authenticity of Mark 16:9-20" (2014), Pickwick
  17. Metzger, Bruce M, "The Text of the New Testament" (1964), Oxford University Press
  18. Metzger, Bruce M., "A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament, Second Edition a Companion Volume to the United Bible Societies’ Greek New Testament" (1994), United Bible Societies
  19. Milne, H. J. M, "Scribes and Correctors" (1938), British Museum
  20. Resseguie, James L, "Narrative Criticism of the New Testament: An Introduction" (2005), Baker
  21. Robinson, Maurice A., "Perspective on the Ending of Mark", pp.40~79 (2008), B&H
  22. Stein, Robert H, "Mark, Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament" (2008), Baker Academic
  23. Stein, Robert H, "Ending of Mark", Bulletin for Biblical Research, 18(1), pp.79~98 (2008)
  24. Strauss, Mark L., "Mark, Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament" (2014), Zondervan
  25. Wallace, Daniel B., "Perspective on the Ending of Mark", pp.1~39 (2008), B&H
  26. Williams, Joel, "Literary Approaches to the End of Mark’s Gospel", Journal of Evangelical Theological Society, 42, pp.20~35 (1999)
  27. Witherington III, Ben, "The Gospel of Mark, A Socio-Rhetorical Commentary" (2001), Eerdmans

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