요한계시록의 ‘땅에 거하는 자들’과 가나안 정복 모티프
The ‘Earth Dwellers’ and Canaan Conquest Motif in Revelation
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본 논문은 계시록에 빈번히 사용되는 ‘땅에 거하는 자들’(οἱ κατοικ- οῦντες ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς) 어구가 가나안 정복 모티프를 배경으로 하고 있으며, 계시록에서 약속의 땅인 새 하늘과 새 땅의 상속과 관련된 개념임을 보여준다. 계시록에 등장하는 ‘땅에 거하는 자들’과 문법적구조와 문자적으로 똑같은 구약 어구는 민수기(LXX)에 2회(14:14, 33:55), 그리고 선지서(LXX)에 2회(겔 12:19, 단 3:1) 등장한다. 계시록과 문자적 유사성을 지닌 구약 본문의 ‘땅에 거하는 자들’ 어구는문맥상 우상 숭배자들을 가리킨다(민 33:52, 55, 단 3:1-7). 또한, 이어구는 출애굽 여정과 가나안 정복의 문맥에서 사용되고 있다(민14:14, 33:55). 구약, 특히 민수기에서 가나안 땅에 거하는 자들 즉‘땅에 거하는 자들’은 우상 숭배자들이고 이스라엘 백성들은 이들과싸워야 하고 이들과 타협하지 말아야 하며, 약속의 땅에 정착하기위해 그 땅에서 제거해야 할 대상이다. 계시록에는 ‘땅에 거하는 자들’ 어구만 등장하는 것이 아니라, 이 어구 전,후로 가나안 정복 관련개념이 함께 등장한다. 계시록에 등장하는 ‘땅에 거하는 자들’은 계시록 결론부의 새 하늘 그리고 특히 새 ‘땅’의 ‘상속’ 개념과 깊은 관련이 있다. 계시록은 새 하늘과 새 땅의 상속이라는 개념을 구약의출애굽 사건, 광야생활, 가나안 정복/정착이라는 출애굽 여정 관련이미지를 통해 설명하고 있다. 가나안 정복/정착 모티프와 밀접한 개념이 다름 아닌 ‘땅에 거하는 자들’이다. ‘땅에 거하는 자들’ 어구는가나안 정복/정착의 의미를 극대화해 준다. 하나님의 백성은 새 하늘과 새 땅을 상속으로 받기 위해서 민수기 33장의 명령처럼, 우상숭배자이면서, 약속의 땅을 차지하고 있는 ‘땅에 거하는 자들’과 타협하지 말고, 이겨야 한다.
Abstract
This study looks into οἱ κατοικοῦντες ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς in Revelation from the perspective of Canaan conquest motif in the Old Testament and shows that the phrase οἱ κατοικοῦντες ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς in Revelation is closely associated with the theme of inheritance of the new heaven and the new earth as the promised land. Οἱ κατοικοῦντες ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς in Revelation is verbally similar to four texts in the Septuagint(LXX) translations of Numbers, Ezekiel and Daniel (Num 14:14, 33:55, Ezek 12:19, Dan 3:1). Οἱ κατοικοῦντες ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς in Numbers and Daniel refer to idolaters (Num 33:52, 55, Dan 3:1-7). Also, it is closely connected with the concept of exodus and Canaan conquest motif (Num 14:14, 33:55). The similar expressions related to κατοικέω τὴν γῆν apart from the participle phrase οἱ κατοικοῦντες ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς in the Old Testament frequently refer to the entrance into the promised land and the phrase οἱ κατοικοῦντες ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς in the OT also signifies the nations that dwell in the promised land. The Book of Numbers in particular shows that God’s people should not compromise with “the dwellers in the land” when they enter the promised land, because they are idolaters. The Book of Numbers also requires that the people of God should fight against the dwellers of the land. The Book of Revelation does not only use the phrase οἱ κατοικοῦντες ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς but also other concepts associated with Canaan conquest in the immediate contexts of Revelation. Οἱ κατοικοῦντες ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς in Revelation is delicately linked with the theme of inheritance of the new heaven and the new earth as the promised land. Revelation explains the theme of inheriting the new heaven and the new earth as the promised land by employing the storyline of exodus journey (departure from Egypt, crossing the red sea, wilderness and finally Canaan conquest). Οἱ κατοικοῦντες ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς is closely connected with the concept of Canaan conquest because the phrase in the OT refers to the nations that indwell in the promised land. By employing the phrase from the OT and the Book of Numbers in particular, Revelation exhorts the people of God not to compromise with idolaters and instead to fight against them in order to inherit new heaven and new earth.
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