마르코 복음의 짧은 마무리(16,1-8)에 대한 재고
Reconsideration on the Short Ending of the Gospel of Mark
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논자는 마르코 복음의 마지막은 16장 20절이 아니라 16장 8절이라 보고 있다. 그런데 이렇게 볼 경우 문제가 되는 것은 크게 두 가지이다. 하나는 주님 부활에 대한 적극적인 복음 선포가 빈무덤을 찾았던 세 명의 여성 제자들에 의하여 적극적으로 수행되지 않는다는 점이다. 그들이 두려워 떨며 침묵을 지켰기 때문이다. 두 번째 문제는 16장 8절이 ‘왜냐하면’(ga,r)으로 끝난다는 점이다. 이는 단순히 16장 8절이 ‘왜냐하면’으로 끝나는 것이 아니라 마르코 복음서 전체가 그렇게 끝난다는 말이 된다. 논자는 마르코가 복음서 종결문(16,1-8) 안에다 방금 언급한 두 가지 문제를 만들어 놓았던 것은 당대 여성을 차별하던 유다 문화에 대응하기 위해서 그랬던 것으로 본다. 당대 문화는 여자들의 공적 증언을 경시하고, 나아가 여자들의 증언이 있게 되면 그로 인해 이미 있었던 증언의 가치까지 의심받게 만드는 문화였다. 이런 차별문화로 인해, 마르코는 부활하신 주님을 첫 번째로 목격한 제자가 마리아 막달레나란 사실을 알고 있음에도 불구하고, 그렇게 진술할 수 없었기에 지금의 16,1-8처럼 돌발적인 결론을 내렸던 것이다. 그리고 이러한 종결을 통해서 사목적인 효과를 보려 하였다. 곧 독자들로 하여금 마리아 막달레나를 대신해서 열둘에게 달려가 부활 소식을 전하고 싶은 마음을 유발시키려 하였다.
Abstract
I deem Mark 16,20 not as a conclusion of the Gospel but rather 16,8. My stand on the conclusion of the Gospel raises two matters. First, the three women disciples who found the empty tomb did not perform any positive witness to the Lord's resurrection; rather they were completely against and remained silent. The second matter is that the Gospel ended with a ‘because’(ga,r). In fact, 16,8 actually ended with a 'because'. This ending does not only mean that 16,8 is finished with 'because' but also the entire Gospel is finished with ‘because’. The reason why Mark created two matters in his concluding parts(16,1-8) is related to female discrimination in the society of Judaism. At that time the public witness made by women was disregarded. Moreover any witnesses done by women was deprived of its the value that had been proposed earlier on. Due to this discrimination, Mark, knowing that Mary Magdalene was the first disciple who witnessed the Lord's resurrection, was forced to make an abrupt conclusion like 16,1-8 which we have now. However, by making such conclusion of his Gospel as the present form, Mark could create some apostolic effects. That is, he could provoke the readers' inner attitude to have some spontaneous desire to run to the Twelve with the Easter message.
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