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미국의 온라인 플랫폼 규제 동향과 시사점 - 미 연방하원 법제사법위원회의 디지털 경쟁 조사를 중심으로 -

Regulatory Trends and Implications of Online Platforms in United States - Focusing on Investigation of Competition in Digital Markets in U.S. House Judiciary Committee -

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초록

본 논문은 2019년도부터 미국에서 본격적으로 시작된 초거대 온라인 플랫폼에 대한 규제 논의를다룬다. 특히, 주로 경쟁법적 접근방식을 택하고 있는 미국의 온라인 플랫폼 규제정책 중에서도, 미국연방하원 법제사법위원회 반독점 소위원회의 「디지털 시장에서의 경쟁에 대한 조사」와 그로부터의 입법적 산출물인 「더 강력한 온라인 경제」패키지 법률안을 주요하게 다루고 있다. 본 논문의 목적은 디지털 경쟁 조사를 중심으로 한 미국의 온라인 플랫폼 규제 논의가 한국에 어떠한 시사점을 주는지 밝히는 것이다(Ⅳ.). 이를 위해, 첫째 미국의 온라인 플랫폼 규제 논의의 맥락으로서 디지털 전환을 이룩하기 위한 디지털 전략과 디지털 정책을 혁신과 국익이라는 가치를 매개로 소개한다. 이때, 디지털 전략과 대외적 디지털 정책이 대내적 디지털 정책인 온라인 플랫폼 규제정책의 프레임워크로 기능한다는 점을 밝힌다(Ⅱ.). 둘째 디지털 경쟁 조사와 그 보고서, 그리고 「더 강력한 온라인 경제」패키지 법률안을 요약하고 소개하여, 현재 미국에서 진행되는 온라인 플랫폼의 규제 동향과 그 전망을 밝힌다(Ⅲ.). 그리하여 미국의 온라인 플랫폼 규제 논의의 시사점은 다음과 같이 제시할 수 있다. 첫째, 경쟁법패러다임의 변화 동향에 대해 응답해야 한다. 경쟁법 패러다임이 변화되어야 함을 주장하는 것이 아니라, 한국에서 온라인 플랫폼 규제를 논의하는 데 있어 경쟁법 패러다임 변화에 관한 논의를 반드시 수반해야 함을 의미한다. 둘째, 한국에서 온라인 플랫폼 규제정책을 수립하는 데 있어서 규제개선과 고품질 규제를 향한 노력을 경주해야 한다. 구체적으로는 공공의 이익이 규제정책에 최종적으로는 포섭되지 않더라도 규제 프로세스에서 고려는 되어야 하며, 또한 규제 프로세스에서 규제자와 피규제자⋅이해관계자⋅시민⋅전문가 간의 적극적 소통이 있어야 한다.

Abstract

This article is dedicated to the regulatory discussion of online platforms in the U.S. Especially it focuses on ‘the Investigation of Competition in Digital Markets’ performed by the Subcommittee on Antitrust, Commercial and Administrative Law of the Committee on the Judiciary, the U.S. House, and ‘A Stronger Online Economy’ legislative package as a legislative output. These are among the regulatory policy of online platform in the U.S. that have mainly taken a competition law approach. The purpose of this article is to ultimately reveal the implications of the regulatory discussion of online platforms in the U.S. for that in South Korea(IV.). For this purpose, first of all, this article introduces digital strategy and digital policy for digital transformation as the context of the regulatory discussion of online platforms in the U.S. through the values of ‘innovation’ and ‘the national interest’. And it uncovers that digital strategy and external digital policy function as a framework of the regulatory discussion of online platforms in the U.S.(II.). Second, this article summarizes and introduces ‘the Investigation of Competition in Digital Markets’, its report, and ‘A Stronger Online Economy’, and reveals the current regulatory trends and prospects of online platforms in the U.S.(Ⅲ.). Therefore, the implications for the regulatory discussion of online platforms in South Korea are as follows. First, the regulatory discussion of online platforms in South Korea should be responsive to the trends of a change in the competition law paradigm. It does not claim that the competition law paradigm in South Korea must be changed, but it means that the discussion of the competition law paradigm change must be accompanied in the regulatory discussion of online platforms in South Korea. Second, efforts should be made towards a better regulation(regulatory improvement) and high-quality regulation. As part of this effort, in developing the regulations and the regulatory policy on online platforms, the public interests should be considered in the process, even if the public interests are not finally included into the regulations and the regulatory policy. And also, there should be active communications between the regulators and the regulatees-stakeholders-citizens-experts.

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