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개혁기 중국 엘리트 정치의 연구 현황과 과제

A Critical Review on the Studies of Elite Politics in the Reformist China

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초록

이 논문은 개혁기 중국 엘리트 정치 연구를 비판적으로 검토하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 분석 대상은 영문으로 작성된 연구 성과다. 모든 성과를 다 검토할 수 없기에, 학계의 연구를 주도했던 주요 학자를 중심으로 검토한다. 시기적으로는 개혁기를 분석한 연구만 포괄한다. 본문은 크게 세 개의 내용으로 구성된다. 첫째는 덩샤오핑 시기의 엘리트 정치 연구에 대한 분석이다. 중국 전문가들은 이 시기의 엘리트 정치를 분석하기 위해 파벌주의 모델 등 다양한 접근법을 제기했다. 그래서 여기서는 주요 접근법을 중심으로 각각의 주장과 차이점을 살펴본다. 둘째는 덩샤오핑 이후 시기(post-Deng era), 즉 장쩌민, 후진타오, 시진핑 시기의 엘리트 정치 연구 분석이다. 이 시기의 엘리트 정치 연구는 주로 정치 제도화와 집단지도 체제를 중심으로 이루어졌다. 따라서 이를 중심으로 기존 연구를 분석한다. 결론에서 향후 연구과제를 살펴본다.

Abstract

This article aims at critically reviewing the previous studies of elite politics in the reformist China. Objects of analysis are limited to studies written in English, and it focuses on main scholars’s achievements which have led the study. The article comprises three parts. First, it analyzes the studies of elite politics in the Deng era. Studies on the era have employed various approaches or models such as factionalism, so that it investigates the studies according to the main approaches or models. Second, it delves into the studies of elite politics in the post-Deng era (that is, the eras of Jiang Zemin, Hu Jintao, and Xi jinping). Studies on the era have focused on two topics: political institutionalization and collective leadership. At the conclusion, it put forward a few challenges that we should deal with in the future study.

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