중국의 해외 군사기지 독법: 확대된 국익, 원칙의 변경, 그리고 전략적 불확실성
Making Sense of China’s Overseas Military Bases: Expanding National Interests, Changing Principles, and Strategic Uncertainties
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이 글은 왜 중국이 건국 이래 오랫동안 견지해온 해외 군사기지의 설립과 운용에 대한 부정적 입장을 최근에 바꾸게 되었는가 라는 질문에 천착한다. 여러 강대국들의 사례를 감안할 때 중국의 해외 기지 보유 그 자체는 문제가 되지 않지만, 왜 기존의 입장을 지금에 와서 바꾸는지는 분석의 대상이 아닐 수 없다. 이글의 첫 부분에서는 중국의 해외 군사기지의 현황에 대한 간략한 평가를 제시하며, 둘째 부분에서는 원칙의 변경과 관련해 중국의 학계가 – 정부를 대신해 – 제시하는 담론과 논리에 대한 분석을 제공한다. 끝으로 셋째 부분에서는 이와 같은 ‘수기주의’(修己主義) 행태가 향후 중국의 대외관계에 대해 던지는 전략적 불확실성과 그 함의에 대한 논의를 다룬다.
Abstract
This article examines why China has recently chosen to change its long-held stance on overseas military bases, as best exemplified by its first base in Djibouti. It is not particularly unusual for China to set up and operate overseas bases given the cases involving other major powers. It is, nevertheless, interesting why Beijing has decided to shift its position on this issue only recently. This piece consists of three sections. The first offers a brief assessment of the current situation, and the second provides an analysis of the justifications embedded in the pertinent Chinese academic discourses. The third and final section looks into the strategic implications of China’s “self-revising” tendencies.
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