유럽연합 고용정책의 발전 과정과 성격
The development and nature of EU Employment Policy
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본 글의 목적은 유럽연합 고용정책의 독자적 출범 이래 ‘유럽 2020 전략’에 이르기까지 그것의 진화 과정과 성격을 분석하는데 있다. 그에 따르면 유럽연합 고용정책은 그것의 본격적 출범을 알린 1997년 암스테르담 조약 이후로 사회정책과 연계된 고용보호보다는 경제정책과의 강한 연계 속에서 고용촉진 혹은 고용창출로 그 성격이 변화되어 왔다. 그와 병행해 사회정책에서 강조하는 사회적 결속도 고용을 통한 결속으로 변모해갔다. 즉 개인의 고용능력을 강화해서 신속히 노동시장으로 진입할 수 있게 하고, 이를 위해 더욱 노동시장의 유연성을 높이는 방향으로 이동해갔다. 그리고 회원국 사이에서 이의 실행을 위해 ‘개방적 조정방식’이라는 연성적 방법을 제시하여 회원국 고용정책에서 자발적 순응을 유도하고 있다. 한편 2010년 ‘유럽 2020 전략’ 역시도 포용적 성장의 일환으로 빈곤문제해결을 주요 목표로 설정했지만, 유연성 강화를 통한 고용 창출 혹은 일자리 증진을 사실상 주요 해법으로 제시하고 있다. 따라서 유럽연합 고용정책은 종래의 사회정책이 아닌 경제정책과의 연계 속에서 앞선 리스본 전략과 유사하게 신자유주의적인 공급 중심 처방을 그 주요 성격으로 하고 있음을 보여주고 있다.
Abstract
This paper aims to analyse the development and nature of EU employment policy since its official starting. According to the study, the key nature of EU employment policy, since the 1997 Amsterdam treaty as a signal of its beginning in earnest, has been altered toward acceleration of employment or job creation in the strong relation with EU economic policy rather than employment protection. For that reason, EU employment policy has emphasized employability to rapidly enter into labor market with increased flexibility. In addition, EU employment policy has proposed ‘OMC(open method of coordination)’ to implement such purposes and to induce voluntary adaptation among the member states. In this respect, the Lisbon strategy and the follow up ‘Europe 2020 strategy’ also had a similarity as precedents of employment policy. Above all, Europe 2020 has proposed job creation through consolidated flexibility as a major solution against poverty, although it would tackle poverty to consolidate social cohesion in EU. In conclusion, major contents of EU employment policy have changed to Neoliberal supply-side measures increasingly by nature.
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