EU 신지도부와 통합의 전망
New EU Leadership and the Future of European Integration
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초록
유럽연합은 2014년 새로운 지도부를 출범시켰다. 2008년 이후 진행된 경제위기가 해소되지 못한 상태에서 치른 유럽의회 선거에서는 성난 민심이 표출되었으며, 이는 그간의 통합방식과 내용에 대한 근본적인 성찰을 요구하는 것이었다. 융커 집행위원장은 10개의 정치적 가이드라인을 발표하면서 거시적 문제에 대해서는 보다 큰 통합을 그리고 미시적 문제는 회원국의 소관사항이라는 점을 분명히 하면서 보충성의 원칙이 충실히 지켜질 것임을 천명하였다. 이 논문에서 주목한 쟁점은 제도기구론적 측면에서 그간 통합연구에서 자주 사용되던 정부간 협상주의냐 아니면 초국가적 운영이냐 인데, 연구를 통해 두 수준은 서로 배타적이지 않으며 공존할 수 있음을 밝혔다. 즉 공동입법 절차과정이나 집행위원회의 정책안을 각료이사회, 유럽의회 및 회원국 의회와 사전 협의하여 진행하는 방식을 준용할 경우 정책적 실현가능성이 높아진다는 점을 주목하였다. 이는 유럽연합의 거버넌스 차원에서 민주성 결핍 현상을 최소화하면서 정책추진의 동력을 얻고자 하는 의지로 이해된다. 신임 집행위원회가 정치적 성격을 보다 강화했다는 주장은 이런 차원에서 이해되며 기대되는 측면이기도 하다. 신지도부는 유럽이사회 상임의장과 외교안보 고위대표 그리고 유럽의회와의 긴밀한 협력을 통해 가시적 효과를 얻을 것이므로 연합 내 기관간 협조와 시너지는 그 어느 때보다도 중요한 시점이다. EU 신지도부의 향배는 실용적 접근의 전제아래 그 귀추가 주목된다.
Abstract
Results of the European Parliamentary Elections in 2014 showed a tremendous negative feeling of the European citizens towards Brussels. Some extreme rightest parties earned a sizable amount of votes and most of them expressed opinions of no further integration and more power returned to member states. New leadership which includes European Commission, President of the European Council, High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and European Parliament all have to face these turbulent situation with appropriate, fast and cost-efficient manner. Throughout the research, this study figured out the following points. First of all, this new leadership could make difference if they are indulged in solving the current problems with transparency and co-work spirit. Secondly, while the budget of the EU should be contained, effectiveness of the activities and work programmes are guaranteed. Thirdly, from the governance and institutional point of view, it has been so far rather unidimensional when we have to decide between intergovernmentalism and supranationalism in integration theory. In fact, new Commission adopted co-legislature procedure and much of the proposals shall be discussed and reviewed with other EU institutions in advance before implementation. In this way, two antagonistic version of looking European integration could be overcome in due course.
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