경기침체와 유럽회의주의의 부상: 제8차 유럽의회 선거결과를 통한 고찰
Economic recession and the rise of euroscetism in Europe: Case of the 8th European election
0
조회
0
다운로드
16
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구는 8차 유럽의회 선거를 통해 최근 수년간 지속된 경기침체가 유럽회의주의에 어떠한 영향을 끼쳤는지에 대해 분석하였다. 마스트리히트 조약 이후 유럽통합에 부정적인 정당이 증가하였으며, 특히 유럽의 극우정당들은 2000년대 후반 경제위기를 배경으로 주요 선거에서 득표율 기록을 경신했다. 8차 유럽의회 선거에서는 프랑스, 영국, 그리스에서 유럽회의주의 정당이 1위를 기록하였으며, 그 외 덴마크, 핀란드, 폴란드에서도 약진현상이 두드러졌다. 유럽 12개국 사례를 분석한 결과 경기침체의 폭이 심했던 국가일수록, 그리고 EU에 대한 부정적 인식이 증가한 국가일수록 유럽회의주의 정당의 득표율이 더 크게 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 유럽회의주의 정당들은 첨예한 쟁점의 입법과정에서 캐스팅보트를 쥘 가능성이 존재하며, 이 정당들의 득세는 향후 EU의 개혁과 유럽통합이 추진되는 과정에서 변수로 작용할 것으로 예상된다.
Abstract
This study aims to review the rise of eurosceptism in relation with the economic recession in Europe. In order to examine how the sovereign debt crisis and subsequent recession have affected supports to eurosceptic political parties, the study analyze the 8th European election which took place in May 2014. Political parties against the European integration and institutional development of the EU increased after the Maastricht Treaty. Particularly, far-right wing parties have been objecting to the EU policies in that it would entrench the national identity. They have scored the highest vote rate in the major national elections since the economic crisis of the late 2000's. Support for the EU has been in decline in the wake of the Euro crisis and the fall in support is much more salient in more crisis-affected counties. In the 8th European election, eurosceptic parties came first in France, United Kingdom and Greece and they bound ahead in Denmark, Finland and Poland. According to our correlation analysis between the depth in recession and unpopularity of the EU/support for eurosceptic parties in 12 EU members, there is a clear correlation between the recession and support for eurosceptic parties. In other words, the more countries were affected by the crisis, the more citizens voted in favor of eurosceptic parties. The rise of eurosceptic parties in the European Parliament has significant implications in that the power of the European Parliament has been strengthened. Given that more than 70% of members of European Parliament (MEP) are affiliated to main political streams in favor the European integration, the influence of the eurosceptic MEPs would not exert important influence. However, they may have a casting vote for the most contentious issues. Falling support for the EU and the rise of eurosceptism would raise a question on the remaining reforms that EU has to make further and also be risk factors for EU's future.
참고문헌 (43)
- 강유덕, "제8차 유럽의회 선거결과와 향후 전망", KIEP 지역경제포커스. 제8권 제32호, ~ (2014)
- 강유덕, "유럽의 경기침체와 최근 극우주의의 부상", KIEP 지역경제포커스. 제5권 제38호, ~ (2011)
- 김면회, "노르웨이(Norway) 유럽회의주의의 확산 요인 연구", 유럽연구, 32(2), pp.269~293 (2014), 한국유럽학회
- 김상수, "‘영연방’을 중심으로 한 영국 내 유럽회의주의 담론의 강화 ―1960년대와 2010년대의 보수당의 유럽연합에 대한 태도 비교―", 영국연구, (28), pp.261~290 (2012), 영국사학회
- 김승민, "프랑스의 EU확대 회의론 연구", 유럽연구, 28(1), pp.203~229 (2010), 한국유럽학회
- 김신규, "중·동부유럽의 유로-회의론(Euro-scepticism) 연구: 회의론의 원인과 패턴을 중심으로", 유럽연구, 26(2), pp.113~134 (2008), 한국유럽학회
- 오창룡, "유럽회의주의 확산과 친-유럽 정당의 노선변화", 동서연구, 26(2), pp.199~218 (2014), 동서문제연구원
- Deutsche Asset & Wealth Management, "CIO View Special European Elections 2014", ~ (2014)
- Eichenberg, Richard C., "Post—Maastricht blues:The transformation of citizen support for European integration, 1973-2004", Acta Politica, 42(2—3), pp.128~152 (2007)
- European Parliamentary Research Service, "The European Parliament 2009-14", At a glance, ~ (2014)
- Harmsen, Robert, "L’europe et les partis politiques nationaux : les leçons d’un “non-clivage", Revue Internationale de Politique Comparée, 12(1), pp.77~94 (2005)
- Ignazi, Piero, "The Crisis of Parties and the Rise of New Political Parties", Party Politics, 2(4), pp.549~566 (1996)
- Jackman, Robert, "Conditions Favoring Parties of the Extreme Right in Western Europe", British Journal of Political Science, 26(4), pp.501~521 (1996)
- Kopecký, Petr, "The Two Sides of Euroscepticism:Party Positions on European Integration in East Central Europe", European Union Politics, 3(2), pp.297~326 (2002)
- Krouwel, André, "Varieties of Euroscepticism and populist mobilization: Transforming attitudes from mild Euroscepticism to harsh Eurocynicism", Acta Politica, 42, pp.252~270 (2007)
- Leconte, Cécile, "Understanding Euroscepticism" (2010), Palgrave Macmillan
- Lubbers, Marcel, "Political versus instrumental Euro-scepticism", European Union Politics, 6(2), pp.223~242 (2005)
- LeDuc, Lawrence, "The Economic Crisis in Europe: What it Means for the EU and Russia", pp.87~111 (2013), Palgrave Macmillan
- Mudde, Cas, "Populist Radical Right Parties in Europe" (2007), Cambridge University Press
- Pedahzur, Ami, "The Institutionalization of Extreme Right-Wing Charismatic Parties: A Paradox", Party Politics, 8(1), pp.31~49 (2002)
- Reynié, Dominique, "Les nouveaux populismes" (2013), Pluriel
- Rydgren, Jens, "Is Extreme-right Populism Contagious? Explaining the Emergence of a New Party Family", European Journal of Political Research, 44, pp.413~437 (2005)
- The Party Politics of Euroscepticism in EU member and Candidate States, "Taggart, Paul", Sussex European Institute, ~, pp.Sussex European Institute Working Paper 51 (2002)
- Valsilopoulou, Sofia, "Varieties of Euroscepticism: The Case of the European Extreme Right", Journal of Contemporary European Research, 5(1), pp.3~23 (2009)
- Van Elsas, Erika, "The changing relationship between left–-right ideology and euroscepticism, 1973–2010", European Union Politics, 15(4), pp.1~22 (2014)
- Werts, Han, "Euro-scepticism and radical right-wing voting in Europe, 2002–2008: Social cleavages, socio-political attitudes and contextual characteristics determining voting for the radical right", European Union Politics, 14(2), pp.183~205 (2012)
- Williams, Michelle Hale, "The Impact of Radical Right-Wing Parties in West European Democracies" (2006), Palgrave Macmillan
- Far-Right Parties and Discourse in Europe: A challenge for our times, "Wilson, Robin", European network against racism, ~ (2012)
- "Cameron urges EU to drop 'business as usual'" (2014)[URL]
- "EU leaders to delay eurozone rescue deal" (2011)[URL]
- "Triumph of Right-Wing Populists: How Dangerous Is Finland to the Euro?" (2011)[URL]
- "EU Lisbon Treaty: David Cameron promises vote on future EU changes" (2009)[URL]
- "Européennes : le séisme qui ébranle la vie politique française" (2014)[URL]
- "France's National Front: Dédiabolisation, Women are flocking to Marine Le Pen" (2012)[URL]
- "Françcois Hollande: “L’Europe, elle est devenue illisible, j’en suis conscient" (2014)[URL]
- "German Eurosceptic AfD chides Merkel after state surge" (2014)[URL]
- "Niederlande stimmen EFSF zu. Die Zeit" (2011)[URL]
- "The rise of 'Germany’s Ukip': Eurosceptic AfD party threatens Angela Merkel in state elections" (2014)[URL]
- "UKIP draining support from other parties, latest poll shows" (2014)[URL]
- "Election Resources on the Internet"[URL]
- "Eurobarometer"[URL]
- "Eurostat"[URL]
- "European Parliament"[URL]