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중부유럽 시민의 유럽연합 역내 이주현상연구: 2004년~2013년을 중심으로

Central European Citizen’s Migration within the European Union: Focusing on 2004~2013

이규영
EU연구소 (Institute for European Union Studies)|2015.10|EU연구 (Journal of European Union Studies)|제41호|pp. 167-206|DOI 10.18109/jeus.2015..41.167

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참고문헌

키워드

이주migration실업률unemployment rate중부유럽Central Europe실질 GDP 증가율유럽공동시장real GDP growth rateEuropean common market
주제분류지역학

초록

2004년 5차 유럽연합 확대 이후 중부유럽 4개국 중 폴란드와 체코는 2008년 금융위기 이후 자국의 실질 GDP 증가율과 실업률에 따라 국외이주가 가속화되었다. 반면 헝가리와 슬로바키아는 두 경제지표와 국외이주와의 상관성이 덜한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 중부 유럽 4개국의 국내이주현상을 분석함에 있어 서유럽국가들의 경제상황은 폴란드와 체코에 커다란 영향을 미친 반면, 그 영향력은 헝가리와 슬로바키아에는 상대적으로 적었다. 중부유럽 시민들의 이주현상은 유럽연합 차원에서 평가가 상반된다. 유럽연합 차원에서 보다 유연한 공동시장의 창출이라는 자유주의적 관점에서는 긍정적으로 평가되는 반면, 서유럽 선진 회원국가들의 노동시장 보호 및 복지예산 증대라는 현실주의적 관점에서는 부정적으로 평가되고 있다.

Abstract

The 2004 enlargement of the European Union was a tipping point altering the topography in European Union. An enormous influx immigrants from the central European countries, especially after the 2008 economic recession, stimulated the in-depth research on the effect of migration in Central Europe within the European Union. This article investigates the tendency of migration in Central Europe based upon two economic indexes: the rate of real GDP growth and the unemployment rate. Poland and Czech Republic’s emigration patterns have been highly influenced by their domestic economic indexes, while there is a relatively weaker correlation between emigration and economic indexes in Hungary and Slovakia. In addition, Western European countries’ economic conditions have a great impact on Poland and Czech Republic’ immigration patterns, whereas they have a relatively lower influence on Hungary and Slovakia. In terms of the effect on European Union integration, the evaluation of migration in Central Europe is contested. From the liberal standpoints, the migration in Central Europe has played a pivotal role to widen the common European labor market and reinforced the integration level within the European Union. However, at the same time the migration in Central Europe has triggered the Euroscepticism within the European Union. The voices of protection to their domestic labor market, as well as a strong disparagement regarding ‘Welfare Tourism’ or ‘Welfare Magnet theory’ have represented the realist point of views.

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