유럽연합 가입 이후 중동부유럽 노동 이주 현황과 양상: 루마니아를 중심으로

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to examine the flow and aspects of labor migration in Central-Eastern Europe after joining the European Union and to find the characteristics of it. The case that this research is to focus on is Romania, which became a member of the European Union in 2007. This research begins from the idea that the work of understanding of the Central-Eastern Europe, which joined the Western Europe-centered integration order since the end of the Cold War, should be done within the process of European integration. In addition, this research emphasizes that inclusion in the European integration order should not be asserted that the homogenization has been immediately achieved in all areas. Although it is clear that integration is a process of reducing difference, difference still exists for long between each unit depending on the level and phase of integration. The same applies to the issue regarding the labor migration of Central-Eastern Europe including Romania. Issues of labor migration have recently become the most sensitive topic in the realpolitik of Europe. The issue of massive labor migration results from economic inequality and uneven living standards between the Western European states and former Communist states. This issue not only affects the Western European labor market. The issues related to labor migration that occur in the Central-Eastern Europe can be summarized into the labor shortage due to accelerating population outflow and the brain drain caused by the massive migration of professional personnel to Western Europe. The efforts to ease the rift within the European Union caused by labor migration issues have become a pending issue for Europe which hopes for deepening of integration and balanced regional development. The measures for this may include active policy-making by the Central-Eastern European states to attract a leaked population, active labor market policies by Western European states to foster their own citizens for human resources, and the establishment of joint policies and compromise on the European level in pursuit of integration.