범유럽정당의 발전과 한계
Development of European Political Parties and Its Limits
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유럽통합운동은 유럽 정당의 초국가적 연합을 야기한다. 유럽의회의 발전과 1970년대 유럽의원의 직선제의 도입, 그리고 유럽차원 정당의 지위와 재정지원에 관한 규정의 제정 등은 범유럽정당의 형성과 발전의 중요한 여건을 제공해왔다. 오늘날 유럽연합이 인정하는 10여 개의 범유럽정당이 존재하며 이 범유럽정당들은 동시에 유럽의회 내에서 7,8 개의 교섭단체를 구성하고 있다. 그러나 범유럽정당은 진정한 단일정당으로서가 아닌 각 회원국 정당들 간의 병렬적 연합형태에 머무르고 있으며 그 역할과 위상에 있어서도 일반적 민주국가 내 정당에 비해 취약한 상태이다. 이는 대의정치와 정당정치가 완전히 수용하지 않는 유럽연합의 제도적 특징, 유럽의회선거방식과 문화의 문제점, 각 범유럽정당의 의지의 결여 및 내부구조의 취약성을 비롯하여 유럽연합의 범유럽정당 발전을 제한하는 여러 장애요소가 있기 때문이다. 진정한 범유럽정당의 형성 없이는 민주체제로서의 유럽연합과 나아가 단일한 정치체 구성을 목표로 하는 유럽통합운동 자체가 성공할 수 없을 것이다.
Abstract
European integration movements have facilitated supranational coalition of political parties. A series of political developments within the EU during the last several decades, such as the emergence of the European parliament, the introduction of a direct parliamentarian election system in the 1970s and the establishment of regulations on the status of the political parties at the European level and on the financial support for them, etc., have offered important conditions for the formation and development of European political parties. At the moment there exist 10 European political parties and which constitute 7-8 political groups. These parties nevertheless appear to remain essentially as a loose form of federations consisted of political parties at the national level. They can barely be regarded as a true sense of unitary European political parties with a quite limited status and role. Their limitations and shortcomings seem to be attributed to several constraining factors - i.e., the aspects of the EU’s institutional structure that do not rely on such basic democratic ideas and principles as a representative government and party politics, the problems of the EU’s voting systems, and the lack of a strong political will for the promotion of a pan-European political party, etc. Without the formation of the true European political parties, the EU would not likely succeed in achieving the fundamental causes of European integration based on democratic values and directed to a single political community.
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