서유럽의 포퓰리즘 정당과 유럽통합

Abstract

For 50 years, Europe has been working toward securing peace, fostering stability, promoting prosperity and providing choice and opportunity for its citizen. In that sense the EU has been an unprecedented success. It is clear, however, that the EU is now experiencing a democracy deficit due to a growing gap between voters and Brussels. There is a sense of lack of common purpose and a crisis of identity. The crisis of identity which delays the process of integration in its deepening and enlargement has been aggravated in many countries by the anti-European, nationalist claims of populist parties and movements. Since the mid 1980's, in a number of West European countries, political movements described as populist, national populist or extreme right populist entered the national political scene, exploiting the crisis of confidence of the people in regard to the existing institutions and governmental elites. These new parties, all strongly personalized, amplifying ordinary citizen's anti-political sentiment, cry for, in their demagogic discourses, the rejection of immigration, the law and order and the hostility to the globalization and to the Europe. In these mobilization which constitutes a threat and at the same time a challenge to liberal democracies, their callings to the people go always with an emphasis on the defense of national identity. This paper tries to analyse some features of the West European populism in order to gauge its impact on the European integration process. The study refers heavily on French literature which is more available, due to, maybe the Front National.