영국 보수당의 유럽혐오주의 -데이비드 카메론(David Cameron)을 중심으로-
Euroscepticism of the British Conservative Party - The Role of David Cameron -
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본 논문은 영국 보수당 대표인 데이비드 카메론이 최근에 유럽혐오주의적인 정책을 공공연하게 추진하도 있는 원인을 현대사적 관점에서 추적한다. 영국인들의 유럽혐오주의에 대한 기존의 연구자들은 유럽에 대해서 다양한 태도를 취하면서도 영국인들 사이에 뿌리깊은 유럽혐오주의가 만연해 있다는 사실에 공감한다. 특히 1992년에 체결된 마스트리트 조약 이후에는 보수당과 노동당 모두 유럽혐오주의 기조를 유지하는 것이 집권에 유리하다는 판단 위에 이를 대중영합적으로 이용하고 있는 양상이다. 최근의 연구들에 의하면 특히 보수당의 경우에 유럽혐오주의 노선을 더욱 강화해야만 집권가능성이 높아진다고 한다. 그러나 1997년 이후 계속해서 야당의 지위에 머물렀던 보수당은 당내 갈등으로 인하여 유럽혐오주의 정책을 공공연한 당론으로 정하고 실천에 옮기지는 못하였다. 이러한 상태를 반전시킨 인물이 바로 데이비드 카메론이었으며, 본 논문은 그가 유럽혐오주의를 집권을 위한 선거전략으로 이용하는 방식을 분석하고 그 문제점을 진단한다.
Abstract
This article, taking the perspective of contemporary historial research, looks into the reasons why David Cameron, leader of the British Conservative Party, has recently pursued an avowed form of eurosceptic foreign policy. Existing research on the attitudes of the British towards Europe takes various positions, but reaches a consensus that euroscepticism is widely spread among the British. Since the ratification of the Treaty of Maastricht, both the Conservatives and Labour has been utilizing this for their electoral victories. Recent research suggests that the Conservatives should strengthen their eurosceptic strategies in oder to take power. The Conservatives, however, had not been capable of make the most of the situation, due to their inner party conflicts: They failed to include euroscepticism as their official party position. It was David Cameron that changed the tide of European policies of the Conservatives. This article analyzes how the young Tory leader has been appropriating euroscpeticim for electoral benefits and diagnoses its pitfalls.
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