‘영연방’을 중심으로 한 영국 내 유럽회의주의 담론의 강화 ―1960년대와 2010년대의 보수당의 유럽연합에 대한 태도 비교―
The Intensification of Eurosceptic Discourse through the Language of ‘Commonwealth of Nations’ in Britain ―A Gap between the Conservatives’ Attitudes towards the EU in 1960s and 2010s―
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본 논문은 영국이 1960년대에 영연방과의 관계를 악화시키면서까지 유럽공동시장의 회원국이 되려고 노력했던 과정과 최근 유럽연합의 금융위기를 계기로 영연방과의 관계를 회복하고 교역을 확대하려고 시도하는 과정을 비교한다. 1960년대의 상황에 대해서는 뉴질랜드와 ANC(아프리카, 카리브 해, 태평양지역 국가)로부터의 버터 및 설탕 등의 농산물 수입과 관련해 당시 영국정부가 영연방보다는 유럽경제공동체와의 이해관계를 중시하게 된 배경을 기존연구의 검토를 중심으로 정리한다. 2010년대의 경우엔 보수당이 정권 유지의 한 수단으로서 유럽회의주의 노선을 강조하면서 영연방의 경제적 잠재력을 과장하는 과정을 언론보도와 의회기록을 중심으로 분석한다. 전자는 국가경제의 이해관계를 우선시해서 진행되었던 반면, 후자의 경우는 집권 보수당이 영연방 및 유럽 문제를 정략적으로 이용하는 측면이 두드러진다. 최근 보수당의 이러한 전략은 영국독립당(UKIP)처럼 더욱 강력하고 극단적인 성격의 유럽회의주의 노선을 취하는 군소 정당에게 본의 아니게 힘을 실어주기도 했다. 1960년대의 무역상황과 2010년대의 정치담론을 비교함으로써 현재 보수당의 유럽회의주의가 내포하고 있는 위험성을 드러내는 것이 본 논문의 주요 목적이다.
Abstract
This article makes a comparison between the process by which the UK government in the 1960s struggled to join the European Common Market while deteriorating its close relationship with the Commonwealth of Nations, and the recent process by which the current Conservative government has been trying to restore the relationship with the Commonwealth and increase trade with its member states at the juncture of the financial crisis of the European Union. The main sources of this article are newspaper articles and UK Parliamentary records. Whereas the process of the 1960s was based on national economic interest of Britain, but that of the 2010s was influenced by the Conservatives’ political aims to retain power by strengthening its Eurosceptical stance. This strategy is dangerous, however, as it helps the UKIP’s extreme Eurosceptic views draw broader support from the British public. Furthermore, it seems that the Conservative leadership has been overestimating the economic value of the Commonwealth for this purpose. The comparison between the trade conditions between the Commonwealth and Britain in the 1960s and the Conservatives’ political discourse regarding the Commonwealth and the EU in the 2010s will reveal the danger immanent in the Eurosceptic strategy of the current Conservative government.
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