유럽통합 초기단계에 나타난 L. S. 셍고르의 유라프리카공동체 구상

Abstract

After World War II, the concept of ‘Eurafrique’, which had come to a halt for a while, once again asserted itself and became an important issue with the negotiations of the Treaty of Rome. Léopold Sédar Senghor (1906-2001), a former deputy at the French National Assembly and member of the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe, was a prominent Eurafricanist and an ardent supporter of the establishment of a Eurafrican community. The building of Senghor’s political ideas shows how his thinking has been shaped through a dialogue with socialist thought; his reference to Karl Marx and to the French philosopher Teilhard de Chardin being quite significant in this respect. Senghor followed Teilhard de Chardin, and went further into the roots of man’s development, and therefore is capable of looking towards the future, whereas Marx and his followers concerned themselves with the economic infrastructures, seen as mechanical and material processes. These ideas became a guiding principle for his political thought in his career as a stateman. In this paper, we examine the foundations of Senghor’s political ideas in the light of his individual trajectory. The main theme Senghor puts forward appears quite obviously throughout Liberté 1-5, which contains a variety of speeches, essays and prefaces. As a legislator, Senghor argued that metropolitan France should agree to compromise its own sovereignty by the transformation of the unitary state into a federal republic. He also waged a constitutional struggle to transform Europe into a confederation of states that would include former colonial territories as free associate members, which implied a symbiotic relationship between Europe and Africa. Yet, Senghor’s failed Eurafrica project was not necessarily unfruitful in its conception. Through this process, he created the notion of ‘la Francophonie’.