L. S. 셍고르의 네그리튀드와 보편문명 개념 - 마르크스와 테야르 드 샤르댕을 중심으로

Abstract

Léopold Sédar Senghor(1906-2001) elaborates his conception of négritude in various texts collected in the five-volume work Liberté. In this essay, we examine the foundations of Senghor's négritude in the light of the Civilization of the Universal. Négritude occupies a particular place due to its unusual themes. It would be true to say that it is the product of a given historical context. A philosophical approach to the concept of Négritude implies a preliminary explanation of its socio-historical content. From this point of view, we must remember that the term ‘Négritude’ reflects a more general reality of historical development. The constitution of Senghor's philosophie known as Négritude show how this philosophie has been constructed in a dialogue with 20th centry european philosophers. The reference by Senghor to the French philosopher Teilhard de Chardin is very significant. Senghor following Teilhard de Chardin, goes further into the roots of man's development and therefore is capable of looking towards the future, while Karl Marx and other Marxists concern themselves with the economic infrastructures, seen as a mechanical and material processes. As a palaeontologist, a geologist, a theologian and a philosopher, Teilhard de Chardin affirmed that the general movement of civilizations was drawing them towards a panhuman convergence. Convergence is a key concept in Teilhard de Chardin's thought. In his writings, Teilhard de Chardin presents how civilizations are called to come together in synthesis in order to unite in the Omega Point, the centre of all civilizations. His great scientific spirit which accepted the complexity of our world and the complexity of human relationships, enabled him to foresee that all human races, all cultures, all civilizations, were coming up together through convergence. Reading Teilhard de Chardin, Senghor was fascinated by his vision of the world, which lays emphasis on humanism. Senghor, who followed Teilhard de Chardin, has been described as the poet and theorist of synthesis against apartness. He drew inspiration from the Teilhardian world view adopting and adapting in his writings. In adapting Teilhard de Chardin, Senghor considers that the African world is much more adapted than the western world, to realize this communion of love. In Teilhard de Chardin, Senghor also found a way to understand the contribution of African society and culture to world civilization. He considers the African's view of the world as a communion of souls, as the basis of the contribution of the African continent to the Civilization of the Universal.