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사회적 신념 및 남북 통일에 대한 태도, 통일정책 지지 간의 관계: 조절 및 매개모형 검증

The Role of Social Beliefs and Attitudes Toward Unification of Korea in Predicting Individuals’ Support for Unification Policy

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주제분류심리과학

초록

한국인들의 통일정책 지지를 예측하는 변수로 사회적 신념(사회지배경향성, 우익권위주의)과 남북한 통일에 관한 태도를 측정하고, 변수 간의 관계와 통일정책 지지를 예측하는 조절 및 매개경로를 상세화하였다. 사회지배경향성과 우익권위주의는 각각 위계적 사회구조에 대한 지지와 사회변화에 대한 저항을 반영하는 신념이다. 따라서 두 신념은 남북 관계와 같이 지위 차가 있는 집단 간의 통합을 통한 사회구조적 변화를 수반하는 통일에 대한 태도 및 행동과 상관될 것으로 예상했다. 이에 더해 사회적 신념과 통일태도가 통일정책 지지를 예측하는 경로가 각각 독립적인지, 상호 조절하는지, 또는 매개하는지에 관한 가설을 추론하여 검증하였다. 인구비례할당 표집을 통해 수집한 한국 거주 성인 1,500명의 자료를 분석한 결과, 통일에 대한 태도는 두 사회적 신념과 독립적으로 통일정책 지지를 예측했고 회귀계수의 크기를 기준으로 예측력도 가장 컸다. 그리고 이 관계는 사회적 신념에 의해서 조절되지 않았다. 또한, 통일태도가 사회지배경향성이 통일정책 지지를 예측하는 경로를 매개하였다. 이는 안정적 개인차인 사회적 신념이 구체성 수준이 높고 비교적 가변적인 통일태도를 통해 통일정책 지지를 간접적으로 예측함을 의미한다. 통일에 대한 국민들의 태도와 행동에 관한 학술 및 실용 연구와 관련하여 본 연구의 함의를 논의하였다.

Abstract

The present study examined the relationship among Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA), and attitudes toward unification of Korea (unification attitudes) in predicting individuals’ support for the government’s unification policy (policy support). SDO and RWA represent generalized social beliefs that reflect support for the hierarchical social structure and resistance to social change, respectively. From the standpoint that unification of the two Koreas will necessarily involve a threat to the existing intergroup status hierarchy and changes in the current Korean society, we expected that the two social beliefs would be negatively related to unification attitudes and policy support. To specify the nature of the relationship between social beliefs and unification attitudes in predicting individuals’ policy support, we explored path models involving a moderation and a mediation between the predictor variables. Results from a survey involving a stratified sample of Korean adults (N = 1,500) revealed that SDO, RWA, and unification attitudes independently predict policy support, with unification attitudes as the strongest predictor. Also, the relationship between unification attitudes and policy support was not moderated by either SDO or RWA. Further, unification attitudes mediated the relationship between SDO and policy support, suggesting that in the context of the two Koreas, individuals’ generalized beliefs about society predict indirectly their political behavior via specific attitudes toward unification. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings and future directions for research.

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