피를 나눈 형제 : 필리핀 공산당과 인도네시아 공산당
Blood-Brothers: The Communist Party of the Philippines and the Partai Komunis Indonesia
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이 글은 인도네시아 공산주의 운동이 호세 마리아 시손이 필리핀의 급진적 마르크스주의 지도자로 성장하는 데 끼친 중대한 역할과 1968년 필리핀 공산당(CPP) 창당에 미쳤을 영향을 논한다. 1962년 인도네시아에서 장학생으로 학업을 마친 후, 시손은 하이릴 안와르의 시를 선구적으로 번역해 발표하고 잡지 ≪프로그레시브 리뷰≫를 통해 수카르노 시기 인도네시아와 관련된 사안을 대중적으로 알렸다. 시손은 인도네시아의 민족주의 게릴라이자 필리핀 대학교 유학생이던 바크리 일리야스와 지적으로 생산적이고 잊을 수 없는 우정을 나누기도 했다. 이 글은 1960년대 말과 1970년대 초에 시손이 인도네시아의 급진적 문헌을 표절했다는 주장으로 야기된 주변적이지만 지속적인 논란을 체계적인 텍스트 분석을 통해 검토한다. 이 연구는 20세기 급진 운동의 텍스트와 사상에서 저자, 모듈화, 각색, 전파에 관한 일반적논지를 제시할 것이다. 마지막으로 1965~1966년 인도네시아 학살이 필리핀 공산당(CPP)의 혁명 사상과 실천에 미친 영향을 평가할 것이다.
Abstract
This paper discusses the significant role of the Indonesian Communist movement in the formation of Jose Maria Sison as a leading Filipino Marxist radical and its possible influence on the founding of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) in 1968. After a study fellowship in Indonesia in 1962, Sison published pioneering translations of Chairil Anwar’s poetry and popularized matters pertaining to Indonesia during the Sukarno era through the journal Progressive Review. He also had a memorable and intellectually fruitful friendship with the Indonesian nationalist guerrilla and University of the Philippines graduate student Bakri Ilyas. A small but persistent controversy on the alleged plagiarization by Sison of Indonesian radical sources in the late 1960s and early 1970s will then be addressed through systematic textual analysis. The paper will propose some general theses on authorship, modularity, adaptation, and dissemination of texts and ideas in twentieth-century radical movements. Finally, the article will assess the impact of the 1965~1966 massacre in Indonesia on the revolutionary ideas and practice of the CPP.
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