기원전 긴 6세기 바빌로니아 결혼계약서에 나온 간통문구 연구
Examination of adultery clauses in marriage contracts from the long 6th century BCE
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본고에서는 바빌로니아에서 출토된 결혼계약서에 나오는 간통문구를 중심으로 결혼계약서에 나오는 신부의 가족사항과 경제상황, 이혼조건 등의 정보들을비교하여 간통문구의 의미를 알아보았다. 결혼계약서에 등장하는 신부의 가족상황은 간통문구와 깊은 연관관계가 있었던 것으로 보인다. 분석에 따르면 신부의 사회적 지위가 낮고 경제적 상황이어려울수록 간통문구는 많이 나타난다는 사실을 알 수 있다. 또한 간통문구는이혼문구와 밀접한 연관성이 있었다. 가장 많은 액수의 이혼위자료(은 6마나)를제시한 결혼계약서는 모두 간통문구를 포함하고 있다. 고대 근동의 전통상 남편은 쉽게 여성과 이혼을 할 수 있었던 사실에 비추어 보았을 때 위자료 문구를포함한 이혼문구는 여성을 위한 배려였던 것으로 보인다. 즉, 미래의 신랑은 위자료를 약속하는 이혼문구를 선택하여 결혼계약서에 넣었고 반대급부로 신부는결혼생활에서 최소한의 도덕인 정조를 간통문구에 적어 약속을 했던 것으로 보인다. 그리고 이러한 문구는 사회적으로 열악한 상황에 놓여 있었던 신부들의결혼계약서에서 가장 많이 발견된다.
Abstract
This paper examines adultery clauses preserved in marriage contracts dated during the long 6th century BCE in the context of other aspects of such contracts, including the family situation of brides, social and economic state of brides, and divorce clauses. The family situation of the bride was closely connected with the existence of the adultery clause. Analysis of the cases revealed that adultery clauses were more common in the marriage contracts of brides with a low socio-economic status. Adultery clauses had a close connection with divorce clauses. The highest alimony-payment(of six silver mina) was related to the adultery clause. In the Ancient Near East, traditionally, men were easily able to divorce their wives, so we can look into the divorce clauses to find alimony protections for the brides. The association between the adultery and divorce clauses indicated that divorce clauses were generally incorporated in the marriage contracts for brides, who agreed to write adultery clauses, promissing minimum level of morality and fidelity in marriage. The choice to insert adultery clauses was made most frequently by brides’ poor social or economic conditions.
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