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한국 신문의 영어 번역에 나타난 번역 보편소의 코퍼스 기반 분석

A Corpus-based Study of Translation Universals in English Translations of Korean Newspaper Texts

이영희|고광윤
비교문화연구소 (Center for Cross Culture Studies)|2016.12|비교문화연구 (Cross-Cultural Studies)|제45권 |pp. 109-143|DOI 10.21049/ccs.2016.45..109

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참고문헌

키워드

단순화newspapersimplification평준화규범화normalization명시화translation universalsexplicitationtranslated texts번역 텍스트번역 보편소영자신문 텍스트translational EnglishEnglish comparable corporaleveling-out
주제분류문학

초록

본 연구는 번역된 텍스트들에 전형적으로 나타나는 언어적 특성들인 번역 보편소(translation universals)에 관한 코퍼스 기반 연구이다. 지금까지의 번역 보편소 연구는언어계통상 서로 밀접한 관련이 있는 영어와 다른 유럽어 사이의 번역에 집중되어왔으며, 다른 한편으로 주로 문학 장르의 분석에 치중되어 있다는 아쉬움을 지닌다. 본 연구에서는 관련 연구가 지닌 이러한 두 가지 주요 문제점을 보완하고자 하는 노력의일환으로 한국어를 원문으로 하는 영어 번역 가운데 비문학 장르인 신문언어 텍스트를분석대상으로 선택하였다. 먼저, 번역된 신문영어 텍스트와 비번역 신문영어 텍스트를정해진 기준에 따라 수집하여 번역과 비번역 영어(translated and non-translated English)로 구성된 대응코퍼스(comparable corpora)를 구축하였다. 이렇게 구축된 대응코퍼스를 바탕으로 기존 문헌에서 논의된 번역 보편소 가설 가운데 가장 대표적인단순화(simplification), 명시화(explicitation), 규범화(normalization), 평준화(leveling- out) 현상이 한국어 신문의 영어 번역 텍스트에서 어떠한 양상을 보이는지 살펴봄으로써각 가설들이 지니는 타당성을 검증해보고자 하였다. 본 연구의 분석결과를 종합해보면, 단순화와 규범화를 제외한 나머지 하위가설의 언어적 특성들은 모든 언어쌍과 모든텍스트 장르에 걸쳐 일반화하기에 다소 한계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 번역 보편소의 개념 규정이나 분석지표의 정교화, 그리고 결과의 일반화에는 신중한 접근이 필요할것으로 보인다.

Abstract

This article examines distinctive linguistic shifts of translational English in an effort to verify the validity of the translation universals hypotheses, including simplification, explicitation, normalization and leveling-out, which have been most heavily explored to date. A large-scale study involving comparable corpora of translated and non-translated English newspaper texts has been carried out to typify particular linguistic attributes inherent in translated texts. The main findings are as follows. First, by employing the parameters of STTR, top-to-bottom frequency words, and mean values of sentence lengths, the translational instances of simplification have been detected across the translated English newspaper corpora. In contrast, the portion of function words produced contrary results, which in turn suggests that this feature might not constitute an effective test of the hypothesis. Second, it was found that the use of connectives was more salient in original English newspaper texts than translated English texts, being incompatible with the explicitation hypothesis. Third, as an indicator of translational normalization, lexical bundles were found to be more pervasive in translated texts than in non-translated texts, which is expected from and therefore support the normalization hypothesis. Finally, the standard deviations of both STTR and mean sentence lengths turned out to be higher in translated texts, indicating that the translated English newspaper texts were less leveled out within the same corpus group, which is opposed to what the leveling-out hypothesis postulates. Overall, the results suggest that not all four hypotheses may qualify for the label translation universals, or at least that some translational predictors are not feasible enough to evaluate the effectiveness of the translation universals hypotheses.

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