스페인어 접속법과 다성성(多聲性)

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to analyze the Spanish subjunctive mood by using the polyphony of Ducrot. The polyphony was only a concept of musicology. It is adopted to the phenomena of language since Bakhtin´s works. And it was applied to pragmatics by Ducrot. Before Ducrot it had been assumed that in a statement only a character who is, at the same time, the physical producer of the utterance, the executor of the act of utterance and who is represented as the first grammatical person. But Ducrot considers several voices of several characters on the speech act. Ducrot called these different voices ‘speaking subject(sujet parlant)’, ‘locutor(locuteur)’ and ‘enunciators(énociateurs)’. The speaking subject produce physically the enunciation and is the subject of the statement. The locutor is the one responsible for the linguistic expression or speech act. The locutor is the deictic center of linguistic expression and the subject of enunciation. Ducro distinguishes the locutor-L that is a grammatical being(locuteur en tant que tel) and the locutor-λ that is a being of the real world (locuteur en tant qu'être du monde). The enunciators are the view points and the attitudes that the locutor manifests in the statement. Thanks to the disagreement between those units the polyphony arises. In this paper we propose that the subjunctive verb appears principally when the locutor-L in the main clause and the locutor-L in the subordinate clause or in the additional clause are different. The separation between locutors in the main clause and the subordinate clause suggests various enunciators. Therefore the polyphony with the subjunctive appears.