L1, L2 스페인어 접속법 사용에 대한 변이주의적 접근
Examining L1 and L2 Spanish Subjunctive Usage through a Variationist Lens
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초록
스페인어의 법(mood)은 크게 직설법과 접속법으로 나뉘며, 이에 관한 연구에서는 통사적이거나 의미적인 요소들이 두 법의 대조와 관련이 있다고 주장됐다. 제2언어(L2)로서의 스페인어 연구에서는 L2 학습자들이 스페인어 법 대조 습득에 많은 어려움을 겪으며, 이에 따라 법 대조는 스페인어 학습의 후반기에 습득되는 언어 구조라고 받아들여 왔다. 이러한 주장과 가정들은 주로 접속법의 형태, 통사, 의미, 또는 화용적인 자질에 초점을 맞춘 기존의 연구들을 통해 확인됐다. 그러나 최근의 사회언어학 연구들은 실제 언어 사용 환경에서 발견되는 스페인어의 법 대조 현상에는 이보다 더욱 복잡하고 다양한 요인들이 작용한다는 것을 보여주었다. 본 연구는 이러한 논의를 기반으로 하여 L1과 L2 스페인어 법 대조를 변이주의(variationist) 방법론을 사용하여 분석했다. 특히, 일부 선행 연구에서 상반되는 결과가 도출된 동사의 형태 규칙성에 대한 변수를 고려하여 분석을 진행했다. 스페인어 작문 코퍼스인 CEDEL2에서 추출한 L2 스페인어 학습자와 L1 스페인어 원어민 화자의 작문 데이터를 비교한 결과, 불규칙 변화 동사가 종속 명사절에서 접속법으로 더욱 자주 사용되며, 주절이 부정문으로 작성되거나 종속절 동사가 저빈도 동사 그룹에 속할 때 접속법이 더욱 자주 사용된다는 경향이 확인되었다. 본 연구는 변이주의 접근법을 통해 L2 스페인어 법 대조에 대한 새로운 통찰력을 제공하고자 시도했다는 점에서 의의가 있다.
Abstract
The Spanish mood is generally divided into the indicative and subjunctive, with previous research suggesting a close link between syntactic and/or semantic features and the distinction between these moods. In the study of Spanish as a second language (L2), it is believed that learners often struggle with acquiring the subjunctive, viewing it as a structure acquired in the later stages of learning. Previous studies have primarily supported these assumptions, focusing on morpho-syntactic, semantic, and/or pragmatic aspects of the subjunctive. However, recent sociolinguistic studies reveal a more complex array of factors influencing mood distinction observed in authentic Spanish usage. Building on these discussions, the present study employs a variationist methodology to analyze L1 and L2 Spanish mood distinction. Considering conflicting results in the literature regarding verb form regularity, this study also incorporates the analysis of this variable. Examining written production data from L2 Spanish speakers in the CEDEL2 corpus and comparing it with a control group of L1 Spanish speakers, the present study concludes that irregular verbs favor the subjunctive in subordinate noun clauses. Additionally, the negative polarity of the main clause and the low frequency of the verb in the subordinate clause condition the use of the subjunctive form. Given limited discussion on sociolinguistic methodology in previous L2 Spanish acquisition studies, the current research attempted to offer insight into the application and implications of a variationist approach to L2 Spanish mood distinction.
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