중국 노동자의 문혁 참여와 공장 관리

Abstract

On the basis of mass viewpoint, this article analyzes how the policies and guiding principles the committee of CCP or the leading group of Cultural Revolution made have been transmitted to factory level and how Chinese labours have made responses to them. Most of the studies about Cultural Revolution focus on the student movement or the power struggle of the top level, not on the labour system or labour movement. Although there are a lot of important studies about Cultural Revolution, but the activity and experiments that Chinese labours have made during Cultural Revolution remain obscure. This article reconstructs the nature and function of the factory revolutionary committee, the experiments of the employment, training, and wage system during Cultural Revolution throughout the oral materials of Chinese labours. These materials come from the Peking Xinhua Printing Co.. one of the 'six factories and two schools' propagated as the model of 'the great alliance'(dalianhe), Shanghai #17 Cotton Textile Co. in which Wang Hongwen worked, and Chongqing Chang'an Machinery Co. in which Zhou Jiayu, a member of standing committee of Sichuan province revolutionary committee and deputy Chairman of Chongqing city revolutionary committee worked during Cultural Revolution. This article argues there are some regional deviations of Cultural Revolution between Beijing and Shanghai where the control of CCP or the leading group of Cultural Revolution about the process of the Cultural Revolution was severe and Chongqing where the control of CCP or the leading group of Cultural Revolution are limited comparatively. When I analyse and interpret these materials, I pay more attention to the reasons why these regional deviations exit rather than generalization of the experiences of these regions.