포스트소비에트 러시아의 반핵운동: 원자력산업 관련 이슈를 중심으로
Anti-Nuclear Movement in Post-Soviet Russia: Focusing on Nuclear Industry
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In the wake of the disastrous Chernobyl nuclear accident in 1986, strong anti-nuclear sentiment spread in the Soviet Union, leading to the emergence of an anti-nuclear movement. As a result, the Russian government was unable to pursue further development of the nuclear industry in the 1990s. However, from the beginning of the 2000s, the Russian government, particularly the Russian Ministry of Atomic Energy, has been vigorously seeking the commercialization and modernization of the nuclear industry, including the construction of new nuclear power plants, the importation of spent nuclear fuel from abroad, and the construction of MOX fuel plants. This raised strong opposition from the Russian anti-nuclear NGOs, as well as from ordinary citizens. Against this background, this paper evaluates the achievement and limitations of the anti-nuclear movement in post-Soviet Russia. After examining the Soviet legacy of the nuclear industry, it explores the range and issues of the anti-nuclear activities of Russian environmental NGOs. Consequently, this paper argues that the Russian anti-nuclear movement has been successful in mobilizing ordinary citizens in regard to some specific issues, but it has to find out appropriate measures in order to effectively affect government policies in the future as it is doomed to face an ever-increasingly authoritarian regime.
Abstract
In the wake of the disastrous Chernobyl nuclear accident in 1986, strong anti-nuclear sentiment spread in the Soviet Union, leading to the emergence of an anti-nuclear movement. As a result, the Russian government was unable to pursue further development of the nuclear industry in the 1990s. However, from the beginning of the 2000s, the Russian government, particularly the Russian Ministry of Atomic Energy, has been vigorously seeking the commercialization and modernization of the nuclear industry, including the construction of new nuclear power plants, the importation of spent nuclear fuel from abroad, and the construction of MOX fuel plants. This raised strong opposition from the Russian anti-nuclear NGOs, as well as from ordinary citizens. Against this background, this paper evaluates the achievement and limitations of the anti-nuclear movement in post-Soviet Russia. After examining the Soviet legacy of the nuclear industry, it explores the range and issues of the anti-nuclear activities of Russian environmental NGOs. Consequently, this paper argues that the Russian anti-nuclear movement has been successful in mobilizing ordinary citizens in regard to some specific issues, but it has to find out appropriate measures in order to effectively affect government policies in the future as it is doomed to face an ever-increasingly authoritarian regime.
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