러시아어 명령문에서의 상: 불완료상과 상호주관성
Aspect in Russian Imperatives: Imperfective Aspect and Intersubjectivity
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구는 현대러시아어 긍정 명령문의 상 선택에 작용하는 의미, 화용적 요인을 분석하면서 화자-청자의 상호주관성이 상 선택에 주요 변수로 작용하는 양상을 조명할 것이다. 즉, 평서문과 비교하여 발화맥락의 실제적 대면성이 전제되고 화자-청자의 상호적 인지, 의향, 주의, 정서 등의 조율이 화행목표 달성에 불가결한 명령에서 상호주관성이 상 선택에 미치는 역할을 코퍼스 분석을 통해 증명할 것이다. 더욱이 진술과 달리 명령문의 화행목표가 지시되는 행위의 수행을 통한 현실세계의 변화이기에 완료상은 무표범주로 규정되고 이는 코퍼스에서의 수량적 분포에서도 확인된다. 대조적으로 기존연구에서 의미적으로 비한정적인 무표범주로 알려진 불완료상이 명령문의 화용적 차원에서 상호주관성의 맥락적 조건을 통해 의미적으로 한정적 범주로 전환됨을 보임으로써, 본 연구는 두 상의 구조적 대립관계가 문법적 맥락에 따라 달라짐을 시사한다. 거시적으로는 불완료상의 상호주관성이 의미적 비한정성의 화용적 차원에서의 보상적 활용이자 기능의 진화로서 문법범주의 가소성, 문법 생태계의 항상성 징후로 간주될 수 있다. 필자는 선택적, 잉여적으로 보이는 2인칭 대명사 주어와 명령형과의 상대적 어순, 양상소사, 레지스터, 발화참여자들 사이의 거리 등 다양한 변수와 상 선택의 상관성을 러시아국립코퍼스를 활용해 분석함으로써 불완료상의 상호주관성을 실증적으로 보여줄 것이라 기대한다.
Abstract
The privative opposition between perfective aspect as a marked category, and imperfective as an unmarked, needs to be reanalyzed in imperative, in which the speaker aims to bring about a changed world through his directive speech act. Given that in imperative, the speaker aims at a prospective change in time-world chronological progression, perfective aspect can be construed as an unmarked category. Imperfective aspect, in contrast, as a marked category in imperative, is constrained by consituational conditions, and covers a range of semantic or pragmatic meanings. It indicates an immediacy or a continuation or a resumption in performing a directed act, or the addressee’s readiness for performing the directed act. Thus imperfective aspect entails intersubjectivity and the close interlocutor distance, which can bring about polite or rude effects. Further, the study argues that the semantic indefiniteness of imperfective aspect, that is semantic weakening, is balanced by pragmatic strengthening. This implicates that in the ecology of grammar, one may observe a kind of homeostasis through markedness reversals. Drawing on the Russian National Corpus data, the study examines quantitative patterns of the aspectual choice in imperatives preceded/ followed by apparently optional 2nd person pronominal subjects, and in imperatives including some most frequently used modal particles, as well as frequency patterns of the aspectual choice depending on the register or the interlocutor distance.
참고문헌 (62)
- "러시아국립코퍼스"[URL]
- 송은지, "러시아어 화행동사(Speech Act Verbs)의 상 선택", 러시아연구, 26(2), pp.189~237 (2016), 러시아연구소[DOI]
- 송은지, "러시아어의 동사 상과 상호주관성: 재현된 지시적 화행동사의 상을 중심으로", 러시아연구, 28(1), pp.65~109 (2018), 러시아연구소[DOI]
- Бенаккьо, Розанна(Benacchio Rossana), "Конкуренция видов, веж-ливость и этикет в русском императиве", Russian Linguistics, 26, pp.149~178 (2002)
- Бенаккьо, Розанна, "Вид и категория вежливости в славянскомимперативе: Сравнитеьный анализ" (2010), Verlag Otto Sagner
- Бирюлин, Леонид, "Семантика и прагматика русского императива" (1994), Helsinki University Press
- Брызгунова, Е. А., "Звуки и интонация русской речи" (1977), Издательство«Русский язык»
- Виноградов, И. И., "Русский язык" (1972), Высшая школа
- Зализняк, Анна А., "Введение в русскую аспектологию" (2000), Языки русской культуры
- Исаченко, А. В., "Грамматический строй русского языка в сопоста-влении с словацким: Морфология" (1960), Издательство словацкойакадемии наук
- Падучева, Е. В., "Семантические исследования" (1996), Языки славянскойкультуры
- Пешковский, А. М., "Русский синтаксис в научном освещении" (2001), Языки славянской культуры
- Рассудова, О. П., "Употребление видов глагола в современном русскомязыке" (1968), Издательство московского университета
- Н. Ю. Шведова, "РГ(Русская грамматика)" (1980), Издательство Наука
- Розенталь, Д. Э., "Практическая стилистика русского языка" (1974), Высшая школа
- Хонг, Тэк Гю, "Русский глагольный вид сквозь призму теорииречевых актов" (2003), индрик
- Храковский, В. С., "Императивные формы НСВ и СВ в русскомязыке и их употребление", Russian Linguistics, 12, pp.269~292 (1988)
- и А. П. Володин, "Семантика и типологияимператива" (2002), Урсс
- Шатуновский, И. Б., "Проблемы русского вида" (2009), Языки славянскойкультуры
- Ansombre, Jean-Claudde, "From Metaphysics to Rhetoric", pp.71~87 (1989), Kluwer
- Bakhtin, Michael, "Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics" (1984), University of Minnesota Press
- Bakhtin, Michael, "Speech Genres and Other Late Essays" (1986), University of Texas Press
- Benveniste, Emile, "Problems of General Linguistics" (1971), University of Miami Press
- Benveniste, Emile, "Problems of General Linguistics" (1971), University of Miami Press
- Brown, Penelope, "Politeness: Some universals in Language Usage" (1978), Cambridge University Press
- Carlier, Anne, "Subjectification, Intersubjectification and Grammaticalization", pp.241~275 (2010), De Gruyter Mouton
- Dickey, Stephen M., "Cross-linguistic perspectives on the semantics of grammatical aspect, Cahiers Chronos vol. 30", pp.129~175 (2019), Brill, Rodopi
- Dickey, Stephen M, "Parameters of Slavic Aspect: A cognitive Approach" (2000), CSLI
- Du Bois, John W., "The Pear Stories: Cognitive, Cultural, and Linguistics Aspects of Narrative Production", pp.203~274 (1980), Ablex
- Epstein, Richard, "The Definite Article: Easy Stages of Development", Historical Linguistics 1991: Papers from the 10th International conference on Historical Linguistics, pp.111~134 (1993), Benjamins
- Fauconnier, Gilles, "Mental Spaces" (1994), Cambridge University Press
- Fauconnier, Gilles, "Mappings in Thought and Language" (1997), Cambridge University Press
- Forsyth, J, "A Grammar of Aspect : Usage and meaning in the Russian verb" (1970), Cambridge University Press
- Fortuin, Egbert, "Polysemy or monosemy: Interpretation of the imperative and the dative-imperative construction in Russian", Ph.D., pp.2000
- Fortuin, Egbert, "Explicit Second Person Subjects in Russian Imperatives:Semantics, Word Order, and a Comparison with English", Linguistics, 48(2), pp.431~486 (2010)
- Gasparov, B., "Verbal Apect in Discourse", pp.191~212 (1990), John Benjamins Publishing Company
- Grønn, A., "The Semantics and Pragmatics of the Russian Factual Imperfective", Doctor, pp.2003
- Halliday, M. A. K, "Cohesion in English" (1976), Longman
- Israeli, Alina, "Discourse Analysis of Russian Aspect: Accent on creativity", Journal of Slavic Linguistics, 4(1), pp.8~49 (1996)
- Jakobson, Roman, "Style in Language", pp.350~377 (1960), MIT Press
- Jakobson, Roman, "Selected Writings II", pp.130~147 (1971), Mouton
- Jakobson, Roman, "Selected Writings II", pp.184~186 (1971), Mouton
- Jakobson, Roman, "Selected Writings II", pp.187~189 (1971), Mouton
- Kuroda, S. Y, "The Categorical and Thetic Judgment: Evidence from Japanese Syntax", Foundations of Language, 9, pp.153~185 (1972)
- Langacker, Ronald W, "Subjectification", Cognitive Linguistics, 1(1), pp.5~38 (1990)
- Lehmann, Volkmar, "Pragmatic Functions of Aspects and Their Cognitive Motivation: Russian Aspects in the Context of the Imperative and the Infinitive", Proceedings of the 2nd Scandinavian Symposium on Aspectology, pp.77~88 (1989), Almqvist & Wiksell
- Leinonen, M., "Russian Aspect, “Temporal’naja Lokalizacija” and Definiteness", Indefiniteness, 1982
- Lyons, John, "Speech, Place, and Action: Studies in Deixis and Related Topics", pp.101~124 (1982), John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
- Mills, Margaret H., "The Performance Force of the Interrogative in Colloquial Russian : From Direct to Indirect Speech Acts", The Slavic and East European Journal, 35(4), pp.553~569 (1991)
- Mills, Margaret H., "Conventionalized Politeness in Russian Requests: A Pragmatic View of Indirectness", Russian Linguistics, 16, pp.65~78 (1992)
- Moon, Grace G., "Harvard Studies in Slavic Linguistics 3", pp.99~126 (1990), Harvard University, Slavic Department
- Sweetser, Eve, "From Etymology to Pragmatics" (1990), Cambridge University
- Timberlake, A, "A Reference Grammar of Russian" (2004), Cambridge University Press
- Tomasello, Michael, "The Cultural Origin of Human Cognition" (1999), Harvard University Press
- Tomasello, Michael, "Origins of Human Communication" (2008), A Bradford Book, The MIT Press
- Traugott, Elizabeth Closs, "Motives for Language Change", pp.124~139 (2003), Cambridge University Press
- Traugott, Elizabeth Closs, "Subjectification, Intersubjectification and Grammaticalization", pp.29~71 (2010), De Gruyter Mouton
- Tyurikova, Yevgeniya, "Expression of Politeness", Impoliteness via the Aspectual Forms in the Imperative in Russian, The Ohio State University, 2008
- Verhagen, Arie, "Constructions of Intersubjectivity : Discourse, Syntax, and Cognition" (2005), Oxford University Press
- Vygotsky, Lev, "Thought and Language" (1934), The MIT Press
- Wierzbicka, Anna, "Different Cultures, Different Languages, and Different Speech Acts", Journal of Pragmatics, 9, pp.145~178 (1985)
- Yokoyama, Olga T, "Discourse and Word Order" (1986), John Benjamins Publishing Company