의회 조직과 외교 정책: 미국 의회 코리아 코커스 사례를 중심으로
Congressional Caucus and Foreign Policy: A Study of the Korea Caucus in US Congress
2
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
정치 양극화 현상에도 불구하고 미국 정당 내부에는 다양한 집단 정치가 지속되고 있다. 코커스(caucus), 연구 그룹(study group), 비공식 조직(informal member group) 등으로 불리는 이들 조직은 지역, 이념, 정책, 대외 이슈 등과 관련하여 유사한 이해관계를 가진 의원들이 조직한다. 이러한 의회 조직들은 미국 외교 정책의 결정과 변화에 어떤 영향을 미칠까? 본 연구는 코리아 코커스에 소속된 미국 의원들의 하위 정당 그룹 형성의 동기 및 역할, 그리고 의정 활동을 다룬다. 분석 결과 코리아 코커스는 주로 한인 커뮤니티를 의식하는 의원들의 초당파적 조직으로서 한국 정부와 연결점을 제공하고 있다는 점이 파악된다. 또한 한반도 문제에 대해 단일화된 정책 입장을 견지하는 표결 조직으로 보기는 어렵다는 점도 두드러진다. 한반도 이슈에 관심이 크고 지역구의 한인 단체들을 의식해야 하며 개인적 배경이 한국과 관련이 적지 않은 미국 의회 의원들은 우리 외교 관점에서 볼 때 중요한 자원이다. 결국 미국 의회 코리아 코커스가 우리에게 실질적 도움이 되느냐 아니면 형식적 관계에 그치느냐는 한국 외교의 실력과 전략에 달려 있다.
Abstract
U.S. lawmakers tend to organize sub-party groups focusing on regions, ideologies, policies, and foreign affairs. Examples include the conservative Freedom Caucus loyal to Trump and the Congressional Black Caucus promoting the interests of African Americans. Then how do these legislative groups affect the making of U.S. foreign policy? Paying special attention to the Korea caucus in U.S. Congress, we have analyzed the sources and processes of congressional caucus and foreign policy and have learned that structures and activities of the caucuses differ from one another. The Korea caucus seems to be a bipartisan group that focuses on issues such as trade, travel, and troubles provoked by Pyongyang. However, the Korea caucus is not really a solid voting bloc for policy alternatives; it is instead more of a constituency-oriented legislative group that prioritizes local interests. This research underscores the need for systematic and comprehensive study of U.S. legislative politics and foreign policy.
참고문헌 (45)
- 권용립, "미국 외교의 역사" (2010), 삼인
- 백창재, "미국 정치 연구" (2020), 사회평론아카데미
- 서정건, "미국 정치가 국제 이슈를 만날 때: 정쟁은 외교 앞에서 사라지는가 아니면 시작하는가" (2019), 서강대학교 출판부
- 이종곤, "2020 대선 대비 트럼프 대통령의 당내 계파별 포섭 전략", 미국학 논집, 52(2), pp.93~119 (2020), 한국아메리카학회
- Ainsworth, Scott H, "The Informational Role of Caucuses in the U.S. Congress", American Politics Quarterly, 25(4), pp.407~430 (1997)
- "Armenian Caucus"[URL]
- "Armenian Caucus Seeks over $100 Million in US Aid for Artsakh and Armeni" (2021)[URL]
- "Reps. Bera and Chabot Reintroduce Bipartisan Taiwan Fellowship Act" (2021)[URL]
- Blum, Robert M, "Drawing the Line: The Origin of American Containment Policy in East Asia" (1982), W. W. Norton
- Brady, David W, "Is There a Conservative Coalition in the House", Journal of Politics, 42(2), pp.549~559 (1980)
- Burns, James MacGregor, "The Deadlock of Democracy: Four-Party Politics in America" (1963), Prentice Hall
- "U.S. Lawmakers Call on Biden to Declare Formal End to Korean War" (2021)[URL]
- "Taiwan Caucus Co-Chairs’ Letter to USTR on Beginning Trade Deal Negotiations with Taiwan" (2019)[URL]
- Coleman, John, "Unified Government, Divided Government, and Party Responsiveness", American Political Science Review, 93, pp.821~835 (1999)
- Cox, Gary W, "Setting the Agenda: Responsible Party Government in the U.S. House of Representatives" (2005), Cambridge University Press
- "Formosan Association for Public Affairs"[URL]
- Fleisher, Richard, "The Demise of the Two Presidencies", American Politics Quarterly, 28(1), pp.3~25 (2000)
- "FMC－The Association of Former Members of Congress"[URL]
- Greenstein, Fred I, "Leadership in the Modern Presidency" (1995), Harvard University Press
- Grossmann, Matt, "Asymmetric Politics: Ideological Republicans and Group Interest Democrats" (2016), Oxford University Press
- Hacker, Jacob S, "The Republican Devolution: Partisanship and the Decline of American Governance", Foreign Affairs, 98(4), pp.42~51 (2019)
- Hammond, Susan W, "Congressional Caucuses in National Policy Making" (1998), Johns Hopkins University Press
- Howell, William G, "Power without Persuasion : The Politics of Direct Presidential Action" (2003), Princeton University Press
- Jenkins, Jeffery A, "Negative Agenda Control and the Conservative Coalition in the U.S. Hous", Journal of Politics, 76(4), pp.1116~1127 (2014)
- Johnson, Robert David, "The Peace Progressives and American Foreign Relations" (1995), Harvard University Press
- Kastner, Scott L, "Legislative Foundations of US-Taiwan Relations", Foreign Policy Analysis, 5, pp.59~60 (2009)
- Mann, Thomas E, "The Permanent Minority Party in American Politics", The Brookings Review, 6(1), pp.33~38 (1988)
- Mead, Walter Russell, "The Tea Party and American Foreign Policy－What Populism Means for Globalism", Foreign Affairs, 90(2), pp.28~44 (2011)
- Medvic, Stephen K, "Old Democrats in New Clothing?", Party Politics, 13(5), pp.587~609 (2007)
- Milkis, Sidney, "The President and the Parties: The Transformation of the American Party System Since the New Deal" (1993), Oxford University Press
- "Japan Gains an Interest Group in US Congress" (2014)[URL]
- Neustadt, Richard E, "Presidential Power and the Modern Presidents: The Politics of Leadership from Roosevelt to Reagan" (1960), Wiley
- "With Polarization at a Peak, the Number of House Crossover Districts Is at Its Lowest in a Century" (2021)[URL]
- Peake, Jeffrey S, "Coalition Building and Overcoming Legislative Gridlock in Foreign Policy, 1947-98", Presidential Studies Quarterly, 32(1), pp.67~83 (2002)
- Rathbun, Brian, "Steeped in International Affairs?: The Foreign Policy Views of the Tea Party", Foreign Policy Analysis, 9, pp.21~37 (2013)
- evige, Andrew, "The New Imperial Presidency" (2006), The University of Michigan Press
- "Armenian Caucus Co-Chairs Send Letter to Library of Congress Urging Historically Accurate Characterization of Armenian Genocide" (2020)[URL]
- Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr, "The Imperial Presidency" (1973), Houghton Mifflin Company
- 서정건, "Agreements Without Commitments? The U.S. Congress and the U.S.-North Korea Agreed Framework, 1994–2002", The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis, 27(1), pp.107~122 (2015), 한국국방연구원[DOI]
- "Sherman, Chabot and Colleagues Introduce the Taiwan Diplomatic Review Act" (2021)[URL]
- "On to Phase Two with Japan" (2020)[URL]
- "Levin Calls For Changes in South Korea Trade Deal" (2007)[URL]
- U.S. Library of Congress, "Congressional Member Organizations(CMOs) and Informal Member Groups: Their Purpose and Activities, History, Formation" (2019), Congressional Research Service
- Wildavsky, Aaron, "The Two Presidencies", Trans-Action, 4, pp.7~14 (1966)
- Zelizer, Julian E, "The American Congress: The Building of Democracy" (2004), Houghton Mifflin Company