용도별 전력소비, 전력가격, 경제성장의 관계 분석
The Relationship between Electricity Consumption, Electricity Prices and Economic Growth in Korea
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본 연구는 우리나라의 전력소비, 전력가격, 경제성장간의 관계를 실증적으로 분석한다. 국내 전력요금체계의 용도별 차등요금제 특성을 고려하여 용도별로 세분화하여 분석하였다. 이러한 접근은 향후 국내 전력요금제도의 운영 및 발전 방향에 대한 시사점을 모색하기에 적절한 방식이라 사료된다. 1974∼2022년 기간 동안의 연도별 자료를 이용하여 분석한 결과, 모든 부문에서 세 변수간의 공적분 관계가 확인되어 변수들 간의 장기 균형관계가 있음이 확인되었다. 또한 전체, 일반용, 산업용에서는 전력소비와 GDP간의 양방향 인과관계가 나타났고, 주택용과 농사용에서는 GDP로부터 전력소비로의 단방향 인과관계가 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 전체적으로 국내 전력부문에서 에너지 중립 가설(neutrality hypothesis)이 지지되지 못함을 의미하며, 세부적으로는 전체, 일반용, 산업용에서 feedback hypothesis가 주택용, 농사용에서 conservation hypothesis가 지지될 수 있음을 의미한다. 따라서 국내 전력요금제도에서 용도별로 상이한 정책적 접근이 요구된다.
Abstract
This empirical research analyzes the relationship among electricity consumption, its prices and economic growth in Korea. Considering the characteristics of the differential electricity rate system by use, this investigation includes an analysis on their relationship at the aggregate and sectoral levels. Using annual data for the period 1974-2022, study finds the cointegration between three variables in all sectors which means there is a long-term relationship among the variables. Moreover, the presence of bidirectional causality between real economic activity and electricity consumption in aggregate, commercial and industrial sectors is identified while there is unidirectional causality from real GDP to electricity consumption in residential and agricultural sectors. These results imply that the energy-neutral hypothesis is not supported in Korea’s electricity market and shows that the feedback hypothesis can be supported for commercial and industrial purposes, whereas the conservation hypothesis can be supported for residential and agricultural uses. Thus, distinct approaches will be needed by sector for efficient use of electricity.
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