现代汉语“水+X”结构中“水”的类词缀化及语义演变研究

Abstract

This study conducts a systematic analysis of the high-frequency “Shui+X” construction in Modern Chinese, focusing on its typological distribution, semantic evolution, and quasi-affixation characteristics. Formally, this construction typically features the element “Shui” in the initial position, followed by nominal or verbal-nominal components, forming a fixed “Shui+X” structure with high productivity and strong semantic clustering. The construction encompasses a wide range of types, such as shuike (superficial course), shuilunwen (low-quality thesis), shuijun (internet trolls), shuipinglun (fake comments), and shuihao (fake accounts), which are prevalent in educational, academic, media, and consumer contexts. These expressions consistently convey subjective and negative evaluations such as “low-quality,” “fake,” and “superficial.” Based on lexical schema theory, this study treats “Shui+X” as a typical “schema marker + slot” model, and integrates theories of quasi-affixation and grammaticalization to analyze its structural mechanisms and semantic evolution from both linguistic and sociopragmatic perspectives. The findings indicate that “Shui” has undergone a shift from a concrete noun referring to liquid water to a quasi-prefix with evaluative and constructional functions. Semantically, it exhibits abstraction, subjectification, and pejoration, while pragmatically serving as a linguistic marker of social criticism and satire in online discourse.