본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

청소년동반자 프로그램 상담자의 심리적 소진에 영향을 미치는 요인 :개인의 성격과 조직 변인을 중심으로

Burnout among Counselors of Youth Companion Program: Effect of Personality and Organization

0

조회

0

다운로드

41

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

초록

청소년동반자 프로그램은 미국의 다중체계치료의 이론적 배경과 실행 방식을 기본 삼아 최근에 실시되고 있는 위기 청소년에 대한 다중체계적 접근이다. 청소년동반자 프로그램 상담자의 잦은 이직은 프로그램의 효과적이고 안정적인 운영에 방해가 되는 것으로 나타나고 있어, 본 연구에서는 청소년동반자 프로그램의 상담자를 대상으로 이직과 밀접한 관련을 가진 소진의 현상과 이에 영향을 미치는 개인의 인구통계학적 변인과 성격적 특성 및 조직적 요소 간의 관계에 대해서 알아보았다. 연령과 상담 경력이 증가할수록 소진은 감소하는 경향이 있었지만, 청소년동반자 프로그램 내에서의 상담 경력이 증가할수록 비협조적 업무환경이라는 측면의 소진은 오히려 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 성격과 소진 간의 관계를 살펴보기 위해 실시한 단계적 회귀분석 결과, 신경증이 가장 큰 설명력을 보였으며, 기존의 연구결과와는 다소 다르게 원만성이라는 차원이 소진을 설명하는 유의한 변인으로 나타났다. 또한 조직적 요소에서는 적절한 업무 요구와 전문성이라는 차원이 소진을 유의하게 설명하고 있었으며, 개인의 성격 변인과 조직 변인을 동시에 고려할 때에도 이들 요인이 상대적으로 더욱 중요한 변인으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 청소년동반자 프로그램의 특징과 연결 지어 논의하였으며, 이들을 대상으로 소진의 감소를 도모할 수 있는 방안들을 논의하였다.

Abstract

Youth Companion Program(YCP) is a newly introduced community-based and multisystemic approach for at-risk youths, which is based on the theoretical and practical background of multisystemic therapy in the US. High turnover and burnout of counselors in this program, however, is the significant obstacles of effective and stable dissemination of the new therapeutic approach. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between burnout among counselors of YCP and the organizational and personal factors such as demographics and personality. Results of correlation analyses indicated that there were significant negative correlations between burnout and age as well as years of counseling experience. On the other hands, uncooperative work environment was positively correlated with years of counseling experience in YCP. To assess contribution of personality and organization factors to counselors' burnout, stepwise regression was conducted. Results showed that neuroticism and agreeablenss in big 5 personality as well as work demands and expertise in organizational factors were significant predictors to account for variance of counselors' burnout. Especially organizational factors were more strongly related with burnout of counselors in YCP than personality. The implications of these findings were discussed in the context of the characteristics of YCP.

참고문헌 (73)

  1. 구자영, "행복의 양이 한정되어 있다는 믿음(BIFAH)과 주관적 안녕감", 한국심리학회지: 사회및성격, 21(4), pp.1~19 (2007), 한국사회및성격심리학회
  2. 박현숙, "놀이치료자의 5요인 성격특성이 심리적 소진에 미치는 영향", 한국놀이치료학회지, 12(2), pp.35~47 (2009), 한국놀이치료학회
  3. 오경자, "청소년동반자 프로그램의 운영실태 및 개선방안 연구" (2007), 국가청소년위원회
  4. 오경자, "위기청소년에 대한 다중체계치료적 접근: 청소년동반자 프로그램의 개입 효과성 연구", 청소년상담연구, 17(1), pp.1~17 (2009), 한국청소년상담원
  5. 오경자, "청소년동반자 프로그램 운영 매뉴얼" (2005), 청소년위원회
  6. 오경자, "청소년동반자 활동 매뉴얼" (2005), 청소년위원회
  7. 유성경, "상담환경의 위험요소, 지각된 사회적 지지가 상담자의 심리적 소진에 미치는 영향", 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 14(2), pp.389~400 (2002), 한국상담심리학회
  8. 윤정임, "낙관성, 인지적 정서조절 및 상담자 소진의 관계", 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 21(1), pp.49~68 (2009), 한국상담심리학회
  9. 이자영, "상담경력과 상담자소진과의 관계:한국과 미국상담자 비교연구", 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 20(1), pp.23~42 (2008), 한국상담심리학회
  10. 이혜련, "직업상담원의 소진현상과 작업환경과의 관계", 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 16(4), pp.597~611 (2004), 한국상담심리학회
  11. 지승희, "위기청소년 실태조사 연구" (2006), 한국청소년상담원
  12. 최혜윤, "상담자의 완벽주의 성향, 사회적 지지와 심리적 소진", 한국심리학회지: 건강, 8(2), pp.279~300 (2003), 한국건강심리학회
  13. Aarons, G. A., "Measuring provider attitudes toward evidence-based practice: Consideration of organizational context and individual differences", Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 14, pp.255~268 (2005)
  14. Aarons, G. A., "Organizational culture and climate and mental health provider attitudes toward evidence-based practice", Psychological Services, 3, pp.61~72 (2006)
  15. Alarcon, G., "Relationships between personality variables and burnout: A meta-analysis", Work and Stress, 23, pp.244~263 (2009)
  16. Baird, S., "Vicarious traumatization, secondary traumatic stress, and burnout in sexual assault and domestic violence agency staff", Violence and Victims, 18, pp.71~86 (2003)
  17. Bakker, A. B., "Job demands and job resources as predictors of absence duration and frequency", Journal of Vocational Behavior, 62, pp.341~356 (2003)
  18. Bakker, A. B., "Burnout contagion among general practitioners", Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 30, pp.2289~2308 (2001)
  19. Bakker, A. B., "The relationship between the big five personality factors and burnout: A study among volunteer counselors", Journal of Social Psychology, 146, pp.31~50 (2006)
  20. Borduin, C. M., "Multisystemic treatment of adolescent sexual offenders", International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 35, pp.105~114 (1990)
  21. Borduin, C. M., "Multisystemic treatment of serious juvenile offenders: Long-term prevention of criminology and violence", Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, pp.569~578 (1995)
  22. Boyle, A., "Personality hardiness, ways of coping, social support, and burnout in critical care nurses", Journal of Advanced Nursing, 16, pp.850~857 (2006)
  23. Brewer, E. W., "Employee burnout: A meta-analysis of the relationship between age or years of experience", Human Resource Development Review, 3, pp.102~123 (2004)
  24. Bronfenbrenner, U., "The ecology of human development: experiments by nature and design" (1979), Harvard University Press
  25. Cohen, M. A., "The monetary value of saving a high-risk youth", Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 14, pp.5~33 (1998)
  26. Costa, P., Jr., "Revised NEO Personality Inventory(NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory(NEO-FFI) professional manual" (1992), Psychological Assessment Resources
  27. Cunningham, A., "One step: forward: Lessons learned from a randomized study of multisystemic therapy in Canada" (2002), Centre for Children and Families in the Justice System
  28. Deary, I. J., "Models of job-related stress and personal achievement among consultant doctors", British Journal of Psychology, 87, pp.3~29 (1996)
  29. DeNeve, K., "The happy personality: A meta-analysis of 137 personality traits and subjective well-being", Psychological Bulletin, 124, pp.197~229 (1998)
  30. Diener, E., "Very happy people", Psychological Science, 13, pp.81~84 (2002)
  31. Freudenberger, H. J., "Staff burnout", Journal of Social Issues, 30, pp.159~165 (1974)
  32. Garner, B. R., "Burnout among corrections-based drug treatment staff", International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 51, pp.510~522 (2007)
  33. Geurts, S., "Burnout and intention to leave among mental health-care professionals: A social psychological approach", Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 17, pp.341~362 (1998)
  34. Gustle, L.-H., "Multisystemic therapy project in Sweden: What factors affect the tendency of social workers to refer subjects to the research project?", International Journal of Social Welfare, 16, pp.358~366 (2007)
  35. Hemmelgarn, A. L., "Organizational culture and climate: Implications for services and interventions research", Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 13, pp.73~89 (2006)
  36. Henggeler, S. W., "Multisystemic therapy: an overview of clinical procedures, outcomes, and policy implications", Child Psychology and Psychiatry Review, 4, pp.2~10 (1999)
  37. Henggeler, S. W., "Family preservation using multisystemic therapy: An effective alternative to incarcerating serious juvenile offenders", Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, pp.953~961 (1992)
  38. Henggeler, S. W., "Letter to the editor: Methodological critique and meta-analysis as Trojan horse", Children and Youth Services Review, 28, pp.447~457 (2006)
  39. Hovmark, S., "A questionnaire for measuring workload, social support, controls and expertise in work setting" (1995), Department of Psychology, Stockholm University
  40. Jimmieson, N. L., "Linking client and employee perceptions of the organization: A study of client satisfaction with health care services", Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 71, pp.81~96 (1998)
  41. Karasek, R. A., "Job demands, job decision latitude, and mental strain: Implications for job design", Administrative Science Quarterly, 24, pp.285~308 (1979)
  42. Lee, S. M., "Development and initial psychometrics of the Counselor Burnout Inventory", Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 40, pp.142~154 (2007)
  43. Lee, R. T., "A meta-analytic examination of correlates of the three dimensions of job burnout", Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, pp.123~133 (1996)
  44. Leiter, M. P., "Burnout among mental health workers: A review and a research agenda", International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 42, pp.90~101 (1996)
  45. Leiter, M. P., "The impact of interpersonal environmental on burnout and organizational commitment", Journal of Organizational Behavior, 9, pp.297~308 (1988)
  46. Maslash, C., "Burnout, the cost of caring" (1982), Prentice-Hall
  47. Maslach, C., "Prevention of burnout: New perspective", Applied and Preventive Psychology, 7, pp.63~74 (1998)
  48. Maslash, C., "Job burnout", Annual Review of Psychology, 52, pp.397~422 (2001)
  49. Maslash, C., "Burnout, job setting, and self-evaluation among rehabilitation counselors", Rehabilitation Psychology, 33, pp.85~93 (1988)
  50. McCarthy, W. C., "Negative aspects of therapy: Client perceptions of therpists' social influence, burnout, and quality of care", Journal of Social Issues, 55, pp.33~50 (1999)
  51. Mills, L. B., "A prospective study of personality characteristics, occupational stressors and burnout among school psychology practitioners", Journal of School Psychology, 36, pp.103~120 (1998)
  52. Mor Barak, M. E., "Antecedents to retention and turnover among child welfare, social work, and other human service employees: What can we learn from past research?", Social Service Review, 75, pp.625~661 (2001)
  53. Ogden, T., "Sustainability of the effectiveness of a programme of multisystemic treatment (MST) across participant groups in the second year of operation", Journal of Children's services, 2, pp.4~14 (2007)
  54. Palsson, M.-B., "Burnout, empathy and sense of coherence among Swedish district nurses before and after systematic clinical supervision", Scandinavian Journal of Caring Science, 10, pp.19~26 (1996)
  55. Piedmont R. L., "A longitudinal analysis of burnout in the health care setting: The role of personal disposition", Journal of Personality Assessment, 61, pp.457~473 (1993)
  56. Pines, A., "Burnout: From tedium to personal growth" (1981), Free Press
  57. Prosser, D., "Mental health, 'burnout' and job satisfaction among hospital and community-based mental health staff", British Journal of Psychiatry, 169, pp.334~337 (1996)
  58. Rupert, P. A., "Work setting and burnout among professional psychologists", Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 36, pp.544~550 (2005)
  59. Schaffer, C. M., "Long-term follow-up to a randomized clinical trial of multisystemic therapy with serious and violent juvenile offenders", Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, pp.445~453 (2005)
  60. Schaufeli, W. B., "Burnout: An overview of 25 years of research and theorizing. in: The handbook of work and health psychology", pp.383~425 (2003), John Wiley & Sons Ltd
  61. Schoenwald, S. K., "Inside multisystemic therapy: therapist, supervisory, and program practices", Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 8, pp.113~127 (2000)
  62. Schoenwald, S. K., "Effectiveness, transportability, and dissemination of interventions: What matters when?", Psychiatric Services, 52, pp.1190~1197 (2001)
  63. Schoenwald, S. K., "Transportability of multisystemic therapy: Evidence for multilevel influences", Mental Health Services Research, 5, pp.223~239 (2003)
  64. Schoenwald, S. K., "Multisystemic therapy treatment of substance abusing or dependent adolescent offenders: Costs of reducing incarceration, inpatient, and residential placement", Journal of Child and Family Studies, 5, pp.431~444 (1996)
  65. Schultz, R., "Organization, management, and client effects on staff burnout", Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36, pp.333~345 (1995)
  66. Strong, S. R., "Theory-driven science and naive empiricism in counseling psychology", Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38, pp.204~210 (1991)
  67. Swenson, C. C., "Multisystemic therapy and neighborhood partnerships: Reducing adolescent violence and substance abuse" (2005), Guilford Press
  68. Vocisano, C., "Therapist variables that predict symptom change in psychotherapy with chronically depressed outpatients", Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 41, pp.255~265 (2004)
  69. Wilkerson, K., "Intrapersonal and organizational factors associated with burnout among school counselors", Journal of Counseling and Development, 84, pp.440~450 (2006)
  70. Woltmann, E. M., "The role of staff turnover in the implementation of evidence-based practices in mental health care", Psychiatric Services, 59, pp.732~737 (2008)
  71. Yoo, J., "The role of organizational variables in predicting service effectiveness: An analysis of a multilevel model", Research on Social Work Practice, 15, pp.267~277 (2005)
  72. Yu, K., "Development of a culturally valid Counselor Burnout Inventory in Korean counselors", 박사, pp.2007
  73. Zigler, E., "Early childhood intervention: A promising preventative for juvenile delinquency", American Psychologist, 47, pp.997~1006 (1992)

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (8건)