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미국 대학의 기업화 현상에 대한 비판적 고찰

A Critical Analysis of the Corporatization of American Universities

이성호
한국교육개발원 (KEDI)|2015.10|한국교육 (THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN EDUCATION)|제42권 제3호|pp. 71-96|DOI 10.22804/jke.2015.42.3.003

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참고문헌

키워드

자율성학문의 자유Autonomy다양성Diversity상업화CommercializationAccountability책무성Academic freedom기업화Corporatization기업형 대학Corporate universities
주제분류교육학

초록

본 연구는 현재 미국의 대학들에서 일어나고 있는 기업화 현상에 대한 비판적 고찰을 목적으로 한다. 이러한 기업화 현상은 대학의 재정에 도움이 된다는 제한적인 공헌에도 불구하고, 대학 본연의 가치와 공공성을 훼손하고 대학의 자율성과 다양성을 제한하기 때문에 대학의 발전을 위한 방안이 될 수 없다는 것이 본 연구의 핵심적인 주장이다. 이 주장을 정당화하기 위해 연구자는 본문에서 다음의 과제를 수행하고자 한다. 우선, 미국 대학교육의 변천을 간략히 개괄하고자 한다. 둘째, 미국 대학에서 확산되는 기업화 현상의 배경과 실태를 분석하고자 한다. 셋째, 기업화로 인해 대학의 중요한 가치와 기능이 왜곡되는 양상을 상세히 분석함으로써 기업화의 문제점과 폐해를 조명하고자 한다. 넷째로, 이러한 비판적 분석을 토대로 기업화에 대한 대안을 제시하고자 한다. 끝으로, 미국 대학의 기업화가 주는 시사점을 중심으로 우리 대학의 향후 진로에 대해 제언하고자 한다.

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to critically analyze a prevalent phenomenon called ‘corporatization’ in American universities. Moreover, this study provides a critical review of the corporatization of American universities in order for Korean universities to ponder upon how they may avoid similar problems caused by corporatization. Method and design: The study is conducted on the basis of literature survey. It encompasses and analyzes a wide range of books and papers on corporatization of American universities authored both by academicians and non-academicians. The paper is organized in the following order. First, a brief review of the history of American universities’ transformation is provided. Second, the paper examines the background and hidden agenda of the corporatization of American universities, and investigate its realities and practices. Third, there is an analysis of the trend of corporatization which scrutinizes its negative effects on education. Finally, alternatives to corporatization are proposed, with particular attention given to how American universities maintain their heritage of autonomy and diversity. Findings: This paper concludes that corporatization, despite its limited contribution in terms of securing financial stability for universities, basically violates the ideals and values of higher education and distorts the autonomy and diversity of American universities. Furthermore, it hampers and obstructs educational missions of universities by de-emphasizing broad liberal education and by discouraging intrinsic pursuit of knowledge for the sake of narrow pragmatism and vulgar commercialism. It also suggests that a critical lens and new orientation other than that of corporatization be needed for the future of both American and Korean universities.

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