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미국 고등교육의 강점과 문제점 그리고 향후 과제

Strengths, Problems, and Tasks of American higher education

이성호
교육연구소 (CNU Research Institute of Education)|2017.12|교육문화연구 (Journal of Education & Culture)|제23권 제6호|pp. 183-204|DOI 10.24159/joec.2017.23.6.183

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참고문헌

키워드

자율성경쟁Autonomy고등교육Competition상업화다양화DiversificationCommercializationAccountabilityHigher education책무성대학 평가College rating

초록

본 연구는 미국 고등교육의 강점과 문제점 그리고 향후과제를 분석･논의하고 이로부터 우리의 고등교 육에 대한 시사점을 도출해 보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 다음과 같이 진행되었다. 첫째, 미국 고등교육의 강점들을 자율성, 다양성, 경쟁, 국제화 등의 네 가지로 열거하고 이들이 미국 고등교육의 성공에 어떻게 기여해 왔는가를 고찰하였다. 둘째, 미국의 대학들이 현재 직면하고 있는 제반 문제점들을 고비용, 학부교육의 약화, 계층 간의 불균형, 고등교육의 상업화 등의 네 가지로 분석하였다. 셋째, 이러한 문제점들에 대한 논의를 바탕으로 미국 고등교육의 향후 과제들을 고비용의 해소, 학부교육의 강화, 계층 간 불균형의 해소, 책무성의 증진, 공익성의 회복, 컴퓨터 공학의 응용 등의 여섯 가지로 제시하였다. 끝으로, 이러한 분석 및 논의를 토대로 우리나라의 고등교육에 대한 시사점을 자율 대 책무성, 경쟁 대 다양화, 그리고 상업화 대 교육기능의 강화 등으로 구분해 논의하고 이를 자율의 신장, 일률적 평가의 지양, 다양화의 추진, 교육의 재강조, 기술혁신에 대한 대비 등의 제언으로 요약해 보았다.

Abstract

In this paper, I have attempted to illuminate and analyze the strengths, problems, and tasks of American higher education, derive meaning implications from them on Korean higher education, and propose some propositions for Korean universities. For this purpose, I have done the following things in this research. First, I have mentioned the strengths of American higher education such as autonomy, diversification, competition, and globalization. Second, I have probed 4 impending problems of American higher education; they are high cost, low graduation rate, class inequity, and commercialization. Third, I have illuminated 6 tasks American higher education faces; lowering cost, solidifying undergraduate education, resolving class disparity, improving accountability, refocusing on public good, and preparing for technological advancement. Finally, I have drawn some implications on Korean higher education from the preceding discussions, and proposed suggestions for Korean universities.

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