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미국 고등교육의 기업화 과정 분석: 그 가능성과 한계

The Commercialization of American Higher Education: Its Possibilities and Limits

손준종
한국교육사회학회 (The Korean Society for Sociology of Education)|2004.08|교육사회학연구 (Korean Journal of Sociology of Education)|제14권 제2호|pp. 101-128

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참고문헌

키워드

기술이전technology transfer고등교육정책higher education policy고등교육의 기업화연구의 상업화Bayh-Dole법산학협동American higher educationthe Bayh-Dole Actthe commercialization of Researchuniversity-industry collaboration
주제분류교육학

초록

이 연구는 1990년대 중반 이후 미국 고등교육의 기업화 과정을 살펴보는 것이 목적이었다. 특히, 대학연구의 상업화를 촉진하기 위하여 1980년에 제정된 Bayh-Dole법을 중심으로 고등교육 기업화의 가능성과 한계를 분석하고자 하였다. 연구의 상업화는 비영리 조직인 대학이 이윤추구를 위하여 마치 시장처럼 행동하는 현상을 의미한다. 이러한 상업화는 냉전, 국민보건, 경쟁력 등을 위하여 대학연구를 동원하려는 정부와 재정 위기에 봉착한 대학이 자원종속을 극복하기 위하여 자발적으로 선택한 결과 나타난 현상이었다. 연구의 상업화는 특허를 통한 수입 증대, 연구의 양과 질의 개선 등과 같이 대학연구의 생산성과 효율성을 촉진하는 데 도움을 주었지만, 동시에 대학과 대학연구의 공공성을 손상하고 기업가적 교수 역할을 강조함으로써 연구결과의 비밀주의 증대, 비윤리적 문제 발생, 대학원 교육의 위협, 그리고 학내 구성원들 간의 갈등을 초래하였다.

Abstract

In this paper, my concern was the commercialization and marketization processes going on American higher education and their consequences. The commercialization of university is defined as an institution that is characterized by processes, decision criteria, expectations, organizational culture, and operating practices that are taken from, and have their origins in, the modern business corporation. Through a literature review, I examined the publicly available reforms of higher education institutions, to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the commercialization of higher education. In light of these concerns, I explored the following three topics: First, I reviewed the history of the commercialization of American higher education by tracing the changes in higher educational policies in the 1990s. Second, I identified the possibilities and limits of the commercialization of higher education. And, I examined what impact the emergence of the entrepreneurial/commercial university has on the structure and function of institutions, the production and dissemination of knowledge, and the nature of academic labor. The commercialization of university research was having a double-edged effect on higher education. On the one hand, the significant increase in the number of research products and patents was one more sign that research is viewed as a national competitiveness. However, the increase of the private use of the public fund-based research was signal that the commercialization of research has more negative effect on the public mission of higher education. The university campus has transformed into a commercial space like the mall.

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관련 논문AI추천

미국 대학의 기업화 현상에 대한 비판적 고찰이성호한국교육개발원 · 한국교육2015 · 제42권 제3호미국 대학과 기업간 연계의 발전 과정에 대한 역사적 고찰김형주한국경제지리학회 · 한국경제지리학회지2005 · 제8권 제1호20세기 대학연구의 상업화와 지적재산권 제도의 변화이두갑한국환경생물학회 · 환경생물2014 · 제32권 제4호미국 고등교육의 강점과 문제점 그리고 향후 과제이성호교육연구소 · 교육문화연구2017 · 제23권 제6호Bayh-Dole 체제와 대학에서의 기술이전 ― 한국의 국가연구개발 지원 성과를 중심으로정태현한국지식재산연구원 · 지식재산연구2021 · 제16권 제1호대학기술의 상업화 모델에 관한 연구김연성, 박충묵한국창업학회 · 한국창업학회지2008 · 제3권 제2호

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