남녀 고등학생의 사회적 위축 하위유형에 따른 내재화 문제 및 안녕감의 차이
Exploring Differences in High School Students’ Internalizing Problems and Well-being according to Subtypes of Social Withdrawal
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 남녀 청소년을 대상으로 사회적 위축 하위유형에 따른 내재화 문제와 안녕감의 차이를 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 위해 고등학교 1~2학년 818명을 대상으로 사회적 위축 하위유형(수줍음, 비사교성, 절제형 위축), 내재화 문제(사회불안, 외로움, 우울), 안녕감(정서적 안녕감, 심리적 안녕감, 사회적 안녕감)을 측정하고 이를 분석하였다. 우선, 변인 간의 선형적 관계를 탐색적으로 살펴보고자 성차를 고려한 상관분석과 사회적 위축 하위유형을 예측변인으로, 내재화 문제 및 안녕감을 준거변인으로 설정한 위계적 중다회귀분석을 실시하였다. 다음으로 남녀 고등학생들을 수줍음 집단, 비사교성 집단, 절제형 위축 집단, 비위축 집단으로 구분한 뒤 집단 혹은 집단과 성별의 상호작용에 따른 내재화 문제 및 안녕감 점수의 차이를 확인하였다. 분석 결과, 수줍은 청소년은 모든 지표에서 가장 부적응적인 결과를 보였는데, 구체적으로 비위축 청소년에 비해 높은 사회불안, 외로움, 우울, 그리고 낮은 안녕감을 보고하였다. 반면, 비사교적인 청소년은 비위축 청소년에 비해 높은 외로움 및 낮은 안녕감을 보고하였으며, 절제형 위축 청소년은 사회불안을 제외한 모든 지표에서 비위축 청소년과 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 한편, 사회적 위축 하위유형 집단과 성별의 상호작용 효과는 유일하게 외로움에서 나타났는데 남학생은 수줍음 집단에, 여학생은 비사교성 집단에 속해 있을 때 위축되지 않은 동성의 또래들에 비해 더 높은 외로움을 보고하였다. 이와 같은 연구 결과는 중기 청소년기 사회적 위축의 적응적 함의가 기저 동기를 고려한 하위유형에 따라 달라질 수 있음을 시사한다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in internalizing problems and well-being of high school students according to subtypes of social withdrawal. Participants were 10th and 11th grade students (N = 818) in an urban area in South Korea. Data were obtained from self-reported measures of social withdrawal subtypes (i.e., shyness, unsociability, and regulated withdrawal), internalizing problems (i.e., social anxiety, loneliness, and depressive symptom), and well-being. Results from both variable-centered and person-centered analyses indicated that social withdrawal subtypes in study participants displayed different profiles with regard to their socio-emotional functioning. Specifically, students who were shy reported the most maladaptive coping and psychological distress, and regulatedly withdrawn students did not differ from their non-withdrawn peers on the indices of internalizing problems and well-being, except for social anxiety. Also, unsocial students reported being more lonely and less well compared to their non-withdrawn peers. Additionally, shy male students and unsocial female students reported a higher level of loneliness than their non-withdrawn counterparts. Findings are discussed in terms of the adaptive implications of social withdrawal subtypes related to social motivations, developmental aspects, and cultural contexts.
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