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학령 후기 사회적 위축 아동이 지각한 학교환경, 또래관계, 부모관계 및 안녕감 :수줍음형과 절제형의 차이를 중심으로

Perceived school environment, peer relations, and parent relations by socially-withdrawn Korean children in late childhood: Exploring differences between shy and regulated subtypes

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초록

본 연구의 목적은 학령 후기 아동들을 대상으로 사회적 위축의 하위유형(수줍음형과 절제형)에 따라 학교환경(학교풍토, 학교훈육체계, 교사지지), 또래관계(친구관계의 질, 또래지지), 부모관계(부 애착, 모 애착) 및 안녕감(정서적 안녕감, 사회적 안녕감, 심리적 안녕감)에 대한 지각에서 어떠한 차이를 보이는지 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위해 초등학교 5, 6학년 학생 734명을 대상으로 연구 변인들을 측정하는 자기보고식 설문조사를 실시하였다. 상관분석 및 위계적 중다회귀분석을 통해 변인 간의 관계를 살펴본 후, 연구대상자들을 수줍음형 위축, 절제형 위축, 비위축 집단으로 구분하여세 집단 간에 환경체계 및 안녕감에 대한 지각에서 차이가 있는지 확인하였다. 분석 결과, 절제형 위축 아동은 수줍음형위축 아동에 비해 학교, 또래, 부모 및 안녕감의 모든 지표에서 긍정적인 지각을 보였다. 또한 절제형 위축 아동은대부분의 지표에서 비위축 또래들과 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 사회정서학습 훈육체계, 교사지지, 친구관계의질, 사회적 안녕감에서는 오히려 비위축 집단보다 유의하게 높은 점수를 보고하였다. 이러한 결과는 관계의 조화를위해 감정과 행동을 억제하고 집단 규범에 순응하는 절제형 위축의 특성이 한국의 문화적 맥락에서는 학교, 또래, 가족 등 주요 발달 맥락과의 관계 및 안녕감에 긍정적으로 작용할 수 있음을 시사한다. 이를 바탕으로 본 연구의의의와 제한점, 후속연구를 위한 제언을 논의하였다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to explore differences between shy and regulated subtypes of social withdrawal in terms of perceived school environment (school climate, school discipline practice, and teacher support), peer relations (friendship quality, peer support), parent relations (mother attachment, father attachment), and well-being (emotional, social, and psychological well-being) among upper elementary school students. Data were collected through a self-report survey administered to 734 5th- and 6th-grade elementary school students. Results from both variable-centered and person-centered analyses revealed that shy and regulated subtypes exhibited distinct perceptions of their environment and well-being. Specifically, regulated withdrawal children showed more positive perceptions of school environment, peer relations, and parent relations and reported higher levels of well-being compared to their shy counterparts. Notably, while regulated withdrawal group and non-withdrawal group showed comparable scores across most variables, regulated withdrawal group reported the highest scores for social emotional learning discipline practice, teacher support, friendship quality, and social well-being, followed by non-withdrawal and shyness group. These findings suggest that within the Korean cultural context, attributes associated with regulated withdrawal, such as suppressing emotions and behaviors and conforming to group norms, may contribute to positive relationships with key developmental contexts such as school, peers, and family, as well as a higher sense of well-being.

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