무형문화유산의 토착화: 중국의 무형문화유산 개념의 비교와 해석
Indigenising Intangible Cultural Heritage: Comparison and Interpretation of the Concept of ICH in China
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무형문화유산의 개념에 관한 이해는 최근 학계의 많은 관심을 끌고있는 주제이다. 본고는 유네스코(UNESCO)의 ‘무형문화유산보호협약(Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage)’과 중국 국무원(State Council)에서 제정한 ‘국가무형문화유산 적용과 평가를 위한 잠정조치(Interim Measures for Applying for the National Representative Works of Intangible Cultural Heritage)’에근거해 무형문화유산의 일차적 의미와 현지화된 변용에 대한 심도있는 분석을 시도하고자 한다. 이러한 분석에 근거해 무형문화유산의 개념을 중국의 맥락에서 조명해보고 현 학계의 개념적 틀에비추어 비교해봄으로써 중국에서의 무형문화유산 개념의 유효성을파악해보고자 한다.
Abstract
Understanding the concept of intangible cultural heritage is a theme currently attracting a lot of attention in academic circles. Based on the definitions in UNESCO’s Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage and on the Interim Measures for Applying for the National Representative Works of Intangible Cultural Heritage issued by the Chinese State Council, this article attempts to give an in-depth interpretation of the primary meaning and localised transformation of intangible cultural heritage. On the basis of this analysis, the concept of intangible cultural heritage is placed in a Chinese context and a comparison is made with the present academic conceptual framework so as to facilitate an understanding of the validity of the ICH concept for the Chinese. The study of intangible cultural heritage has become a focus of research in the field of cultural study, particularly since the adoption by UNESCO of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage in October, 2003. However, these theories are not well understood in Chinese academic circles: literature study in China started late and no basic concept or theoretical system has been established. The construction of theoretical systems should be based on an accurate understanding of concepts. Therefore, the meaning of intangible cultural heritage is worthy of discussion.