지역사회 협약? 2003년 협약의 ‘자유의사에 따른 사전 인지 동의’ 조항에 대한 분석
A Community Convention? An analysis of Free, Prior and Informed Consent given under the 2003 Convention
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10년 전, 2003년 협약을 입안할 당시 목표 가운데 하나는, 지역사회의비중을 축소하고 지나치게 유럽중심적인 접근법을 택했다고 여겨지는기존 유네스코 유산 협약의 배타적 조항들과 결점들을 극복하는 것이었다. 협약의 의도는 법적 구속력을 가진 도구를 채택하는 것으로서, 이 도구는 지역사회와 풀뿌리 차원의 계획을 활동의 중심에 두고 유산종사자들에 대한 인정과 지원을 강화하고자 하는 개발도상국들의 유산관련 표현을 더 강력하게 대변하였다. 협약 제정 10주년을 맞아 이 논문은 (1)협약의 무형문화유산 목록 등재 신청 과정에서 각 지역사회가추동체 혹은 파트너로서 활약한 정도, (2)그들의 자유의사에 따른 사전인지 동의(free, prior and informed consent)를 문서화한 방식 등 두 가지를 중심으로 지역사회 관여 유도 측면에서 협약의 성공률을 점검해 본다. 분석 결과를 토대로 향후 문화유산 선정 과정에서 협약의 목표 실현에 도움이 될 개선방안들을 모색하고자 한다.
Abstract
When the 2003 Convention was drafted a decade ago, one of its aims was to overcome the perceived exclusions and shortcomings of the earlier UNESCO heritage conventions, perceived as not community-driven and often Eurocentric in approach. The intention was to adopt a legally binding instrument, which allowed for stronger representation of heritage expressions of the South, which placed communities and grass-roots initiatives at the centre of its activities, and which would strengthen the recognition of, and support for, heritage practitioners. On the occasion of the Convention’s tenth anniversary, this paper offers a review of the Convention’s success rate in community involvement by focusing on two aspects: the degree to which communities were the driving forces or strongly involved partners in the preparation of candidature files for the Convention’s Intangible Heritage Lists and the way in which their free, prior and informed consent was documented. Based on these findings the paper reflects on potential further improvements towards the Convention’s aims within the forthcoming nomination cycles.
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