감성지능(Emotional Intelligence)이 경찰 직무수행에 미치는 영향 연구
Effect of Emotional Intelligence on Police Job Performance
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감성지능(Emotional Intelligence)은 자신이나 타인의 감정을 지각하고, 감정을 활용하여 문제를 해결 할 수 있는 능력을 말한다. 다양한 학문 분야에서 감성지능의 개념과 영향에 대한 연구가 진행되어 왔지만, 경찰의 치안활동에 대한 감성지능의 영향을 실증적으로 연구한 국내 사례는 전무한 실정이다. 본 연구는 Schutte et. al(1998)이 제시한 감성지능 질문지를 활용하여, 150명의 경찰관으로부터 자기보고(self-report) 설문을 통해 감성지능 (다섯 가지의 하위척도 측정: 1) 자기감정인지, 2) 타인감정인지, 3) 자기감정규제, 4) 타인감정규제, 5) 문제해결을 위한 감정 사용) 및 경찰의 직무수행(job performance)에 대한 데이터를 수집하였다. 분석결과, 해외사례와는 반대로, 국내 경찰관들의 감성지능은 경찰 치안활동에 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로, 첫째, 경찰관의 감성지능 수준(특히, 감성지능의 하위척도 중 자기감정인지 척도 및 자기감정규제 척도)은 나이, 계급, 재직기간과 부적(negative)관계를, 자기감정인지 척도는 학력수준과는 정적(positive)관계를 형성하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 감성지능은 직무수행과 부적관계를 갖고 있으며, 감성지능의 하위척도 중, 타인감정인지 척도는 직무수행(공식적인 경찰업무발전 기여도 평가 수치)과 부적인 관계를, 자기감정인지 척도는 지역사회중심경찰활동과 부적관계를 형성하고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 이상의 결과는 국내에서는 경찰관의 감성지능이 경찰조직 내부에서의 경험과 사회화를 통하여 점점 쇠퇴하고 있음을 보여주며, 이러한 경향이 지속될 경우, 경찰관의 감정소진(emotional burnout) 증가, 직무만족 감소 등의 위험성이 존재함을 경고하고 있다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로, 본 연구는 경찰관의 감성지능과 관련한 정책적 함의를 제시하였다.
Abstract
EI(Emotional Intelligence) is defined as an ability to appraise, manage emotions in the self and others and to utilize emotions in solving problems. Although EI has been significantly investigated in various fields of science, there is no empirical study focusing on relationship between EI and police job performance in South Korea. To fill the vacuum of literature, this study was purported to investigate the relationship by analyzing data collected from 150 police officers. The data were consisted of items measuring five different aspects of EI, suggested by Schutte et al.(1998). Those five aspects are 1) appraisal of emotion in self, 2) appraisal of emotion in others, 3) regulation of emotion in self, 4) regulation of emotion in others, and 5) utilization of emotion for solving problems. Analysis results showed that, unlike findings in other countries, police officers’ EI was negatively related to job performance. Specifically, this study found that 1) officers’ EI was significantly negatively related to age, rank and length of job, 2) EI was significantly negatively related to job performance, 3) appraisal of emotion in others was significantly negatively related to official appraisal of job performance, 4) appraisal of emotion in self was significantly negatively related to community-oriented policing activities. Overall, the findings suggest that, police officers’ EI become weak and under-utilized as they spend more time within the Korean police organization, and warn that, if this trend continues, the Korean police organization will experience high levels of emotional burnout, low levels of commitment and satisfaction, and low level of job performance, and it will in turn experience poor organizational efficiency.
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