경찰공무원과 학력 -고등교육의 필요성과 과제 -
A study of education requirements for police officers in Korea
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이 연구에서는 경찰공무원 임용과정에서 학력기준의 변천과 현황, 그리고 고등교육 기준을 둘러싼 주요 쟁점들을 고찰하고 실제 경찰관들을 대상으로 실증분석을 통해 이들을 평가해 보았다. 선행연구들과 유효표본 347명에 대한 설문조사 결과를 통해 확인된 내용들은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 우리나라에서는 경찰공무원 지원자의 학력 기준이 급격하게 변화되어 왔음을 확인할 수 있다. 1960년대부터 고등학교 졸업 이상이라는 학력 기준이 제도로 시행되었다가 1976년 학력조건은 폐지된다. 하지만 1983년 법령개정을 통해 다시 부활하였고 지난 2011년 다시 또 폐지되었다. 일반국민들과 비교해서 고학력자들의 과잉대표를 확인할 수 있으나 다른 공무원들과 비교하면 상대적으로 열악한 현실도 나타나고 있다. 둘째, 우리나라 경찰공무원들은 학력기준의 폐지에 대하여 긍정적으로 평가하고 있음을 확인할 수 있다. 셋째, 응답자들은 일선경찰활동에 비해 중간관리자나 고위관리자 역할을 실천하는데 고등교육의 중요성이 보다 높은 것으로 평가하였다. 넷째, 고등교육의 중요성에 대한 응답자들의 태도와는 별개로 대학(교)에서의 전공에 대하여는 상대적으로 중요한 의미를 부여하지 않고 있음도 확인하였다. 다섯째, 고등교육을 경험한 경찰관들은 근무실적을 비롯해 직무수행능력과 태도들에 있어 보통(4.00) 수준보다 양호하게 평가되었다. 이러한 분석결과를 토대로 경찰조직과 고등교육 공급주체인 대학(교) 차원에서의 과제 및 향후 연구 방향 등에 대하여 살펴보았다.
Abstract
This study reviewed changes in education requirement for and current state of education levels of police officers in Korea. Previous studies suggest some key issues concerning higher education in policing and these issues were empirically analysed in this study. Statistical analysis was implemented with 347 questionnaires out of 400 police officers in police training institute. The results of previous studies and empirical analysis are as follow. 1) The education requirements for entering police officers have changed radically between minimum high school standards and none. The requirement has been abolished from 2011 but the percentage of college-educated officers is increasing. The percentage of college-educated officers is higher than the general population over age 25. But the percentage is lower than overall government employees. 2) The abolition of education requirements is assessed rather positively with over 60% of respondents agreeing the abolition. 3) Higher education is evaluated more important working for mid and high level managers than street level policemen. 4) Although they evaluated highly the value of higher education, most respondents rated degree major indiscriminately. What’s important may be the higher education per se, not the specific major. 5) The college-educated officers’ performance and attitudes are rated above the normal and these high evaluations remained after taking account of respondents’ demographic variables. Based on this analysis, some implications for police organization and colleges and future research needs are suggested.
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