재판 관련 기록으로 본 화성 장안·우정면 3·1만세운동

Abstract

The March 1st Demonstration Movement at Jangan- and Ujung-Myon of Hwasung(Gyunggi Province) is known to be a representative solidarity struggle at the level of Myon, an administrative unit. It was organized by diverse religious societies and classes with the participation of the inhabitants of the neighbouring regions numbering 2,500 at the maximum. During the demonstration, the Hwasu police substation at Ujung Myon was completely burnt out, and it was the sole region where the two Japanese policemen were executed with the exception of Songsan Myon of Hwasung. These events caused the region to become a target for brutal retaliations and massacres by the Japanese imperialism. The imperialists rounded up the participants in the Jangan- and Ujung-Myon demonstration and put them to the preliminary hearing. The imperialists established a course of action to punish them with the death penalty, the maximum penalty, applying the ‘Crime of Insurrection’ to the accused in the ‘Case of the Security Law violation together with disturbances, murder and arson’. This process is examined using the interrogation reports and the judgment and focusing on the course of action for the application of the ‘insurrection crime’ and the reason for the eventual non-application. The relevant provisions of law and their contents are also put into consideration. The photographic edition(both Japanese and Korean) of the species of interrogation reports is of limited value as a historical material due to translation fallacies and omissions. Making use also of the micro-film edition, here is recomposed of the characters and incidents running up to the stage of the indictment for the insurrection crime. The text of the judgment, here utilized, is the “Annotated Trial Records of the March 1st Movement” published by Hwasung City, which contains the full translation of the entire process of the three trials at the three instances. In particular, the following could be ascertained that the High Court dismissed the indictment of the insurrection by the preliminary trial chamber and remanded the case to the district court, and the district court rejected the indictment in opposition to the High Court’s position, and the court of appeals reboked the decision of the district court and the trial went on. It became clear, in the end, that the attempt to apply the insurrection crime by the Japanese imperial court was nothing but a political judgment made in response to the urgent political situation. Including these two materials, the author groups together ‘(The object of surveillance by the Japanese imperialists) Person Card’ and ‘the Case Register of the Criminal Indictment’ into a ‘trial related records’ with the supplementary ‘the Roaster of Murder Victims at the time of the March 1st Movement’. Considering the characteristics of each material, the following questions are examined: under what procedures the accused for the March 1st Demonstration Movement at Jangan- and Ujung-Myon of Hwasung were arrested and underwent the investigation and interrogation, how the Japanese imperialists processed them, what kind of discussion was made from the close of the preliminary hearing to the formal trial, and what were the relevant articles of law applied in sentencing the ‘Kim Hyun-muk and other 26 persons’. The photographs of the 17 persons in violation of the Security Law and the ‘Negative Number of the Photograph Preserved’, both contained in the related records estimated to be identical with the 20 persons registered in the ‘Person Card, provided the ground for concluding that they were the same persons with the accused for the Jangan- and Ujung-Myon demonstrations. The ’Roaster of Murder Victims at the time of the March 1st Movement’ includes the 14 persons (counting the identical person with two names as one) who were resident at Jangan- and Ujung-Myon at the time of their martyrs. The circumstances of the martyrs of undecorated 2 persons, who were deferred to be eligible for the man of merit for independence has become clarified with the Roaster, providing the ground for conferring posthumous honors. In ‘the Case Register of the Criminal Indictment’ were recorded important informations such as the personal data of the accused and the content of the judgments of various courts, instance by instanc. It is particularly valuable as a source for knowing the content of the final judgment where there remains neither ‘interrogation report’ nor the text of judgment. It was the ‘Security Law’ and the (Japanese) Criminal Law that the Japanese applied to ‘Kim Hyun-muk and other 26 persons’ accused for the March 1st Demonstration Movement at Jangan- and Ujung-Myon. Two persons were acquitted, and 5 out of 25 were also acquitted for the breach of ‘public order’ under the Security Law. 25 persons against whom both the Security Law and the Criminal Law or only the Criminal Law, were sentenced from 1 year imprisonment at the minimum, to the maximum 15 years. The arrest, interrogation, trial and sentencing of the accused for the Independence movement were conducted in accordance with the applicable laws enacted by the Japanese imperialism, and were a mere application of the unjust colonial law.