일제강점 말기 송산고등농사학원과 김두혁의 독립운동 -이른바 ‘평안그룹’ 독립운동에 대한 재검토-

Abstract

From February to December 1940, the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department discovered the “secret society for the independence of Joseon” and they called the “Pyong An Group” because they had many people from Pyong-an-do. Kim Du-hyeok, etc., were arrested on suspicion of violating of the Peace Preservation Law and sent to trial under the policing method. There has been no full-scale research on this case and misunderstandings such as the following. First, the Pyongan group was named by the Japanese police for convenience, but the researchers recognized that they called it self. Second, the school they attended was private Tokyo Agricultural University, which had misunderstood as the Agriculture Departure of National University of Tokyo. This study illuminates what the so-called ‘Pyong-an Group’ independence movement is, and it corrects the misunderstanding and examines the contents and meaning of the movement. The space where this independence movement began was in Pyongyang. At the heart of the movement were the Songsan Church, Presbyterian Church, the family Kim In Suk, a devout Christian believer from the Middle Ages in the region, and the Christian rural enlightenment movement centered on Cho Man Sik in Pyongyang and the independence activist Ahn Chang-ho’s Ideal Village Construction Movement. The Songsan Advanced Agricultural Academy, established as a coalition, was at the center of the independence movement. Songshan Academy was established in Songshan-ri, Taedong County in October, 1935, with Kim Du-hyuk as principal, Ahn Chang-ho as school adviser, and Cho Man-sik as director. Kim Du-hyuk was a strong nationalistic thinker who had graduated from Soongsil College and served as the principal of the Sin-mang School founded by the Presbyterian Church Songsan Church. The Songsan school has a two-year community life based on Christianity and has a curriculum that combines learning and agricultural practice. The case of the rural education movement in Japan, in which the Danish National High School was taken as an example and the model was practiced, was also fused. In 1937, the repression of Japanese imperialism in the Pyongyang region became extreme, and in the situation where nationalistic rural enlightenment movement was impossible, Kim Du-hyuk went to Japan for one year to overcome it. He studied at the Agricultural University of Tokyo and gathered talent by rallying comrades Kim Tae-hoon, Kim Un-ha, and Gong Tae-hoon. Kim, who returned to Korea in March 1938, was based in Songsan Higher Farming Academy and worked with foreign students at Tokyo Agricultural University to cultivate rural leaders who had a nationalistic ideology and developed an independence movement aimed at a democratic republic. In February 1940, Japanese colonists arrested foreign students from Tokyo Agricultural University, Japan. Kim was arrested in Pyongyang and transferred to Tokyo, where he was tried and punished for violating the Peace Preservation Law. The independence movement of the so-called Pyeong-an Group was not an independence movement that was confined to Tokyo, but rather the Songsan Higher Farming Academy in Pyongyang, which encompassed the educational agenda of the Tokyo Agricultural University and Ko-no Farming Academy(興農學院) in Shizuoka and the educational spirit of Nikolaj Frederik Severin Grundtvig in Denmark. It was a nationalist, rural enlightened independence movement secret society.